The original sentence uses ”sociology will tell us...”. Option (3) ”Sociology tells us...” maintains the indicative mood and certainty implied by the original sentence, simply changing the tense slightly (present instead of future), which is a common and acceptable paraphrase.- Rejecting Distractors:- (1) adds ”also exist” which isn’t strictly necessary. (2) introduces uncertainty with ”might teach”, contradicting the assertive tone of the original. Contextual Understanding Choosethealternative that best preserves the meaning, certainty, and grammatical struc ture of the original clause being replaced.