Explanation: This line is from Pearl S. Buck's account of her travels, "India Through a Traveller's Eyes." It outlines the author's primary objective for her visit to India. She wanted to gain a comprehensive understanding of the country by engaging with two distinct and vital segments of its population. The "young intellectuals in the cities" represented the modern, educated, and forward-looking India, full of ideas about the nation's future. In contrast, the "peasants in the villages" represented the traditional, ancient heart of India, connected to the land and its deep-rooted customs. By listening to both, Buck aimed to grasp the full picture of India's complexities, its challenges, and its spirit during a crucial period of its history.