Question:

Hyposecretion of growth hormone causes:

Updated On: Jun 20, 2022
  • dwarfism
  • cretinism
  • myxoedema
  • acromegaly
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Solution and Explanation

The growth hormone (somatotropic hormone) is secreted by anterior lobe of pituitary. This hormone stimulates growth directly and in conjugation with other hormones. This hormone promotes protein synthesis, absorption of calcium from the bowel and the conversion of glycogen to glucose. Acromegaly is caused by excess of growth hormone. It is characterised by disproportionate increase in size of bones of face, hands and feet. Dwarfism is caused by deficiency of growth hormones from childhood. It is characterised by small but well proportioned body and sexual immaturity. Cretinism is caused by deficiency of thyroid hormone in infants. Such person has slow body growth and mental development of reduced metabolic fate. Myxocdema (Gulls disease) is caused by deficiency of thyroid hormone in adults. This disease is characterised by puffy appearance due to accumulation of fat in the subcutaneous tissue due to low metabolic rate.
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Concepts Used:

Chemical Coordination and Integration

The chemical coordination and integration of all physiological functions in the animal body are jointly synchronized by the neural and endocrine systems. The control and coordination of body functions are executed by the endocrine glands. They are ductless glands that secrete severel hormones to control and coordinate body functions.

Human Endocrine System:

The human body has several endocrine glands located in different parts. They cover the pituitary gland, thymus, thyroid gland, pineal gland, parathyroid, pancreas (dual gland), adrenal gland, and gonads (testes and ovaries). The liver, kidney, heart, and gastrointestinal tract also produce hormones in small traces to harmonize the functioning of these organs.

The Hypothalamus comprises groups of secretory cells called nuclei which secrets various hormones. These hormones released by the hypothalamus are important in regulating the synthesis and secretion of pituitary hormones.

Functions of Endocrine Glands:

  • Pituitary Gland
  • Pineal Gland
  • Thyroid Gland
  • Parathyroid Gland
  • Thymus
  • Adrenal Gland
  • Pancreas
  • Testes
  • Ovary
  • Hormones of Kidney, Heart, and Gastrointestinal Tract