Comprehension
Hunting and Food Gathering
The earliest human beings depended on their immediate environment for their sustenance. They subsisted on: animals which they hunted; and the edible plants which they gathered from forests in the vicinity.
Primitive societies depended on wild animals. People located in very cold and extremely hot climates survived on hunting. The people in the coastal areas still catch fish though fishing has experienced modernization due to technological development. Many species, now have become extinct or endangered due to illegal hunting (poaching). The early hunters used primitive tools made of stones, twigs or arrows so the number of animals killed was limited. Gathering and hunting are the oldest economic activity known. These are carried out at different levels with different orientations.
Gathering is practised in regions with harsh climatic conditions. It often involves primitive societies, who extract, both plants and animals to satisfy their needs for food, shelter and clothing. This type of activity requires a small amount of capital investment and operates at very low level of technology. The yield per person is very low and little or no surplus is produced.
Question: 1

Examine the impact of poaching on wild animals.

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When discussing the impact of poaching, focus on the loss of biodiversity and its long-term environmental effects on ecosystems.
Updated On: Jun 28, 2025
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Solution and Explanation

Poaching, or illegal hunting, has had a significant negative impact on wild animal populations. Many species that were once abundant have become extinct or are now endangered due to illegal hunting practices. The depletion of these species disrupts the balance of ecosystems and reduces biodiversity, affecting not only the animals themselves but also the plants and other wildlife that depend on them.
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Question: 2

Why was hunting of animals limited in early times? Explain.

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When explaining early hunting practices, consider the limitations imposed by technology and the balance required for survival in harmony with nature.
Updated On: Jun 28, 2025
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Solution and Explanation

Hunting of animals was limited in early times due to the primitive tools available to early humans, such as stones, twigs, or arrows. These tools were not very effective in capturing large numbers of animals. Additionally, the early humans were also dependent on the environment for food and needed to ensure that hunting did not lead to the depletion of essential species. The small-scale nature of hunting, combined with the limited technological means, kept the number of animals killed in check.
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Question: 3

Why did early man depend upon his immediate natural environment? Explain.

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In early human history, the environment directly influenced survival, as humans had to adapt to local conditions for food, shelter, and clothing.
Updated On: Jun 28, 2025
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Solution and Explanation

Early humans depended upon their immediate natural environment because they lacked the technology to produce their own food or build complex shelters. They relied on animals for food and plants for nourishment and other basic needs. Their survival was closely tied to the availability of resources in their surrounding environment, as they had limited means of transportation or trade. This dependence on the environment also shaped early human societies to adapt and make use of what nature provided.
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