Graves disease is caused due to
- hyposecretion of thyroid gland
- hypersecretion of thyroid gland
- hyposecretion of adrenal gland
- hypersecretion of adrenal gland
The Correct Option is B
Solution and Explanation
- Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder that leads to the overactivity (hypersecretion) of the thyroid gland — a condition called hyperthyroidism.
- The immune system produces abnormal antibodies (TSI – Thyroid Stimulating Immunoglobulins) that mimic TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone) and stimulate the thyroid to produce excessive amounts of thyroid hormones.
- Symptoms may include:
- Increased metabolism
- Weight loss
- Heat intolerance
- Rapid heartbeat
- Bulging eyes (exophthalmos)
Incorrect options:
- Option 1: Hyposecretion of thyroid leads to conditions like myxedema or cretinism, not Graves' disease.
- Option 3: Hyposecretion of adrenal gland causes Addison's disease.
- Option 4: Hypersecretion of adrenal gland can cause Cushing's syndrome.
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Concepts Used:
Chemical Coordination and Integration
The chemical coordination and integration of all physiological functions in the animal body are jointly synchronized by the neural and endocrine systems. The control and coordination of body functions are executed by the endocrine glands. They are ductless glands that secrete severel hormones to control and coordinate body functions.
Human Endocrine System:
The human body has several endocrine glands located in different parts. They cover the pituitary gland, thymus, thyroid gland, pineal gland, parathyroid, pancreas (dual gland), adrenal gland, and gonads (testes and ovaries). The liver, kidney, heart, and gastrointestinal tract also produce hormones in small traces to harmonize the functioning of these organs.
The Hypothalamus comprises groups of secretory cells called nuclei which secrets various hormones. These hormones released by the hypothalamus are important in regulating the synthesis and secretion of pituitary hormones.
Functions of Endocrine Glands:
- Pituitary Gland
- Pineal Gland
- Thyroid Gland
- Parathyroid Gland
- Thymus
- Adrenal Gland
- Pancreas
- Testes
- Ovary
- Hormones of Kidney, Heart, and Gastrointestinal Tract