Question:

GNSS stands for Global Navigation Satellite Systems. As of today, which of the following is the complete set of GNSS constellations that cover the entire globe?

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Global GNSS constellations: {GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, BeiDou}. Regional systems: {NavIC/IRNSS, QZSS}. SBAS (WAAS/EGNOS/GAGAN) {augment} GNSS but are not themselves global constellations.
Updated On: Aug 29, 2025
  • GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, BeiDou, IRNSS, QZSS
  • GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, BeiDou, IRNSS, QZSS, GAGAN, WAAS, EGNOS
  • GPS, GLONASS, Galileo
  • GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, BeiDou
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The Correct Option is D

Solution and Explanation

A GNSS constellation that covers the entire globe is a stand-alone satellite navigation system with worldwide service. As of today, the four such constellations are: GPS (USA), GLONASS (Russia), Galileo (EU), and BeiDou (China).
IRNSS/NavIC (India) and QZSS (Japan) are regional systems (coverage over specific regions, not global). GAGAN, WAAS, and EGNOS are SBAS augmentations, not core constellations. Hence only option (D) lists the complete set of globally covering constellations.
\[ \boxed{\text{(D)}} \]
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