Question

Give the detailed description of instruments classification (Vadhya Vargi Karan).

Hint:

Remember the four main categories of Indian musical instruments: Tat (string), Sushir (wind), Avanaddha (membrane) and Ghana (solid instruments).

Answer 1

Step 1: Introduction to Vadhya Vargikaran.
In Indian classical music, musical instruments are classified according to the way sound is produced. This system of classification is known as Vadhya Vargikaran. The classification was explained in ancient texts such as the Natya Shastra written by Bharata Muni. According to this system, musical instruments are divided into four major categories based on the method of sound production.

Step 2: Tat Vadya (String Instruments).
Tat Vadya are instruments in which sound is produced by vibrating strings. The vibration of the strings creates musical sound when they are plucked, bowed or struck. These instruments are widely used in classical music performances. Examples include Sitar, Veena, Sarod, Tanpura and Santoor.

Step 3: Sushir Vadya (Wind Instruments).
Sushir Vadya are instruments in which sound is produced by air passing through a hollow tube. The vibration of air inside the instrument creates musical notes. These instruments are commonly used in both classical and folk music traditions. Examples include Flute (Bansuri), Shehnai and Harmonium.

Step 4: Avanaddha Vadya (Membrane Instruments).
Avanaddha Vadya are instruments that produce sound through the vibration of a stretched membrane or skin. These instruments are usually played by striking with hands or sticks. They are mainly used to maintain rhythm in musical performances. Examples include Tabla, Mridangam, Pakhawaj and Dholak.

Step 5: Ghana Vadya (Solid Instruments).
Ghana Vadya are instruments that produce sound by striking solid materials without the use of strings or membranes. The sound is created from the vibration of the body of the instrument itself. Examples include Manjira, Kartal, Jal Tarang and Bells.

Step 6: Conclusion.
Thus, the classification of musical instruments into Tat, Sushir, Avanaddha and Ghana helps in understanding how different instruments produce sound. This system forms the foundation for studying musical instruments in Indian classical music.