Step 1: Identify the historical figure.
Gautamiputra Satakarni was one of the greatest rulers of ancient India, mentioned in inscriptions such as the Nashik Prashasti composed by his mother, Gautami Balashri.
Step 2: Dynasty connection.
He belonged to the Satavahana dynasty, which ruled in the Deccan region after the fall of the Mauryas. The Satavahanas played a key role in uniting northern and southern India through trade and political power.
Step 3: Conclusion.
Hence, Gautamiputra Satakarni is associated with the Satavahana dynasty.
\[
\boxed{\text{Satavahana Dynasty}}
\]