Question:

From which nine-Judge Bench judgment of the Supreme Court has the following been excerpted ?
“[I]t is privacy which is a powerful guarantee if the state were to introduce compulsory drug trials of non-consenting men or women. The sanctity of marriage, the liberty of procreation, the choice of a family life and the dignity of being are matters which concern every individual irrespective of social strata or economic well being. The pursuit of happiness is founded upon autonomy and dignity. Both are essential attributes of privacy which makes no distinction between the birth marks of individuals.”

Updated On: Aug 18, 2025

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The excerpt provided is from a landmark judgment by the Supreme Court in the case K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India, AIR 2017 SC 4161.
This case is significant as it established the right to privacy as a fundamental right under the Constitution of India.
The judgment highlights the importance of privacy as a guarantee against state actions such as compulsory drug trials on non-consenting individuals, emphasizing that privacy encompasses essential personal liberties like the sanctity of marriage, procreation, and individual dignity.
The court notes that autonomy and dignity are crucial components of privacy, extending beyond social strata or economic status, ensuring every individual's ability to pursue happiness.
This decision marked a pivotal moment in Indian constitutional law, reinforcing privacy's role in safeguarding individual freedoms.

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I. Arbitration of excepted matters	1. A. Ayyasamy v. A. Paramasivam, (2016) 10 SCC 386
II. Conditional Arbitration Clauses	2. In re - Interplay between Arb Agreements and Stamp Act 2023 INSC 1066
III. Separability of Arbitration Agreement - Kompetenz Kompetenz	3. Vulcan Insurance Co Ltd v. Maharaj Singh and Anr (1976) 1 SCC 943
IV. Arbitrability of fraud	4. Mitra Guha Builders (India) Co v. ONGC (2020) 3 SCC 222

I. Uti Possidetis	1. Principle in customary international law providing that where there has been a fundamental change of circumstances since an agreement was concluded, a party to that agreement may withdraw from or terminate it.
II. Pacta Sunt Servanda	2. Two or more states equally exercise sovereignty with respect to a territory and its inhabitants.
III. Condominium	3. Doctrine that territory remains with the possessor state at the end of war or occupation unless otherwise determined by a treaty or an agreement.
IV. Rebus Sic Stantibus	4. Proposition that treaties are binding upon the parties to them and must be performed in good faith.

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