Question

Freedom of trade, commerce and intercourse throughout the territory of India - is mentioned under

• A. Art. 19(1) (g)
• B. Art. 300A
• C. Art. 301
• D. Art. 299

Hint:

Differentiate between the two 'trade' articles: - \textbf{Art. 19(1)(g)}: An individual's \textbf{Fundamental Right} to do business. - \textbf{Art. 301}: A general constitutional principle ensuring the \textbf{free flow of trade} across India, preventing internal trade barriers.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The Constitution of India guarantees the freedom of trade, not only as an individual right but also as a general principle to ensure the economic unity of the country. These provisions are contained in Part XIII of the Constitution.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
- Article 301: This article, which is the opening article of Part XIII, explicitly states: "Subject to the other provisions of this Part, trade, commerce and intercourse throughout the territory of India shall be free." This provision ensures that there are no barriers to inter-state or intra-state trade, promoting India as a single economic unit.
- Article 19(1)(g): This is a fundamental right that guarantees all citizens the right "to practise any profession, or to carry on any occupation, trade or business". This is an individual right, whereas Article 301 is a broader principle that applies to the movement of goods and services across territories, binding both the Union and the States.
- Article 300A: This article deals with the Right to Property. It states that "No person shall be deprived of his property save by authority of law."
- Article 299: This article relates to contracts made by the Government of India or a State.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The general principle of freedom of trade, commerce, and intercourse throughout the territory of India is mentioned under Article 301.