Comprehension
Forty years after man first set foot on the moon, the United States has dispatched two unmanned lunar spacecraft to earth’s natural satellite to pave the way for humans to return there. The search for deposits of water is high on the agenda of the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) and the Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS). India’s Chandrayaan-1 probe, too, may well join the quest. ‘Discovering water on the moon would be like finding a gold mine,’ said U.S. space agency NASA in a recent press document. It estimates that getting a bottle of water to the moon would run to about $50,000 at current launch costs. Therefore, the ability to extract water locally would be immensely useful if humans want to establish bases on the celestial body.
It is believed that water could have been brought to the moon by comets and meteorites that have crashed on its surface over billions of years. Likewise, hydrogen ions streaming out from the sun might have combined with oxygen from chemical compounds in the lunar soil and turned into water. The question is whether all this water has boiled off in the face of the moon’s scorching daytime temperatures and its low gravitational hold.
In a paper published in 1961, three scientists at the California Institute of Technology, put forward the idea that water ‘may well be present in appreciable quantities in shaded areas in the form of ice’. The paper appeared in the Journal of Geophysical Research around the same time President John F. Kennedy committed the U.S, to landing a man on the moon. Some thirty years later, two U.S. space probes that went to the moon, Clementine and Lunar Prospector, provided evidence that water might persist as patches of ice mixed with soil at the bottom of craters at the poles. Sunlight never reaches the bottom of some craters at the lunar poles, which therefore remain at temperatures far below the freezing point of water. So these would be ideal locations for trapping water ice on the moon. But the evidence has been disputed and scientists continue to argue vigorously about whether or not earth’s nearest neighbour holds any water.
The LRO and the LCROSS were launched from Cape Canaveral in Florid The two spacecraft, along with Chandrayaan-1, will undoubtedly throw a great deal of new light on the issue. Once the spacecraft is commissioned, a slew of instruments on it will look for signs of water ice and hydrogen in different ways.
The LCROSS and the spent upper stage of the Atlas rocket that launched the two spacecraft have swung past the moon for the first time. NASA plans to send the empty upper stage, weighing over 2,000 kg, hurtling into a crater near the lunar south pole at a speed of about 9,000 km per hour.
It is believed that water could have been brought to the moon by comets and meteorites that have crashed on its surface over billions of years. Likewise, hydrogen ions streaming out from the sun might have combined with oxygen from chemical compounds in the lunar soil and turned into water. The question is whether all this water has boiled off in the face of the moon’s scorching daytime temperatures and its low gravitational hold.
In a paper published in 1961, three scientists at the California Institute of Technology, put forward the idea that water ‘may well be present in appreciable quantities in shaded areas in the form of ice’. The paper appeared in the Journal of Geophysical Research around the same time President John F. Kennedy committed the U.S, to landing a man on the moon. Some thirty years later, two U.S. space probes that went to the moon, Clementine and Lunar Prospector, provided evidence that water might persist as patches of ice mixed with soil at the bottom of craters at the poles. Sunlight never reaches the bottom of some craters at the lunar poles, which therefore remain at temperatures far below the freezing point of water. So these would be ideal locations for trapping water ice on the moon. But the evidence has been disputed and scientists continue to argue vigorously about whether or not earth’s nearest neighbour holds any water.
The LRO and the LCROSS were launched from Cape Canaveral in Florid The two spacecraft, along with Chandrayaan-1, will undoubtedly throw a great deal of new light on the issue. Once the spacecraft is commissioned, a slew of instruments on it will look for signs of water ice and hydrogen in different ways.
The LCROSS and the spent upper stage of the Atlas rocket that launched the two spacecraft have swung past the moon for the first time. NASA plans to send the empty upper stage, weighing over 2,000 kg, hurtling into a crater near the lunar south pole at a speed of about 9,000 km per hour.
Question: 1
How is the moon referred to in the passage?
I. A gold mine
II. A celestial body
III. Earth’s natural satellite
IV. Earth’s nearest neighbor
How is the moon referred to in the passage?
I. A gold mine
II. A celestial body
III. Earth’s natural satellite
IV. Earth’s nearest neighbor
I. A gold mine
II. A celestial body
III. Earth’s natural satellite
IV. Earth’s nearest neighbor
Updated On: Jul 24, 2024
- (I) and (II) above
- (II) and (III) above
- (II) and (IV) above
- (II), (III) and (IV) above
- All (I), (II), (III) and (IV) above
Hide Solution
Verified By Collegedunia
The Correct Option is D
Solution and Explanation
The correct option is (D): (II), (III) and (IV) above
Was this answer helpful?
0
0
Question: 2
Why is it necessary to extract water locally on the moon?
Why is it necessary to extract water locally on the moon?
Updated On: Jul 24, 2024
- To carry on further research
- It is highly expensive to carry a bottle of water to the moon
- It would be greatly useful to humans if they want to set up bases on the moon
- It will become easy for the astronauts to stay there for a longer time
- It reduces the burden of carrying water for the astronauts
Hide Solution
Verified By Collegedunia
The Correct Option is C
Solution and Explanation
The correct option is (C): It would be greatly useful to humans if they want to set up bases on the moon
Was this answer helpful?
0
0
Question: 3
The main objective of sending the LRO and the LCROSS to the moon is to
The main objective of sending the LRO and the LCROSS to the moon is to
Updated On: Jul 24, 2024
- Pave the way for the humans to return from the moon
- Find out if sunlight ever reaches some craters at the lunar poles
- Carry on complete research about the moon
- Establish bases on the celestial body
- Search for deposits of water
Hide Solution
Verified By Collegedunia
The Correct Option is
Solution and Explanation
The correct option is (E): Search for deposits of water
Was this answer helpful?
0
0
Question: 4
In the phrase, ‘slew of instruments’, the word ‘slew’ means
In the phrase, ‘slew of instruments’, the word ‘slew’ means
Updated On: Aug 19, 2024
- A large number
- The assembled parts
- The automated components
- A restricted number
- An assortment
Hide Solution
Verified By Collegedunia
The Correct Option is A
Solution and Explanation
The correct option is (A): A large number
Was this answer helpful?
0
0
Question: 5
It can be inferred from the passage that the moon’s
It can be inferred from the passage that the moon’s
Updated On: Jul 24, 2024
- Upper crust contains hydrogen
- Daytime temperatures are very high
- Lunar soil can hardly hold water
- Surface is covered with ice
- Gravitational hold is very high
Hide Solution
Verified By Collegedunia
The Correct Option is B
Solution and Explanation
The correct option is (B): Daytime temperatures are very high
Was this answer helpful?
0
0
Question: 6
Choose the statement that is true in the context of the passage.
Choose the statement that is true in the context of the passage.
Updated On: Jul 24, 2024
- Sunlight never reaches the surface of the moon
- Oxygen does not exist in any form on the moon
- It is not yet proved whether the moon holds any water or not
- The LRO and the LCROSS were launched in 1961
- There are gold mines on the moon
Hide Solution
Verified By Collegedunia
The Correct Option is C
Solution and Explanation
The correct option is (C): It is not yet proved whether the moon holds any water or not
Was this answer helpful?
0
0
Question: 7
What is the belief about the existence of water on the moon?
What is the belief about the existence of water on the moon?
Updated On: Jul 24, 2024
- It exists in the form of ice
- It is brought by comets and meteorites
- It is formed through chemical reaction
- It is present in considerable quantities in shaded areas
- All the above
Hide Solution
Verified By Collegedunia
The Correct Option is
Solution and Explanation
The correct option is (E): All the above
Was this answer helpful?
0
0
Question: 8
What is the apt title of the passage?
What is the apt title of the passage?
Updated On: Aug 19, 2024
- Weather Conditions on the Moon
- Searching for Water on the Moon
- Moon – A Gold Mine for Many
- India’s Chandrayaan-1 Mission
- Man’s First Steps on the Moon
Hide Solution
Verified By Collegedunia
The Correct Option is B
Solution and Explanation
The correct option is (B): Searching for Water on the Moon
Was this answer helpful?
0
0
Question: 9
What would be the best place for trapping the ice water on the moon?
What would be the best place for trapping the ice water on the moon?
Updated On: Jul 24, 2024
- Near the poles
- In shaded areas
- From any part of the moon
- Bottom of craters at the poles
- Upper layers of the soil
Hide Solution
Verified By Collegedunia
The Correct Option is D
Solution and Explanation
The correct option is (D): Bottom of craters at the poles
Was this answer helpful?
0
0
Top Questions on Reading Comprehension
- Read the excerpt from a Handicrafts Manual: ‘Advanced Knitting Techniques’ and answer the following questions by choosing the most appropriate answer.
THE FAIR ISLE METHOD: Fair Isle knitting is a traditional technique that involves using two or more colours of yarn in a single row to create intricate patterns and designs. This method requires careful tension management to ensure even stitches and prevent puckering. To begin, select your colours and cast on the desired number of stitches. As you knit, alternate between colours every few stitches, carrying the unused yarn along the back of the work. Mastering the Fair Isle technique allows you to create stunning visual effects in garments, accessories, and home textiles.
THE CONTINENTAL STYLE: The Continental knitting style, often referred to as “picking,” involves holding the yarn in the left hand while the right hand manipulates the needles. This method allows for greater speed and efficiency, particularly when working with complex patterns or multiple colours. To practice this style, start by casting on your stitches and using your left hand to tension the yarn. With each stitch, simply “pick” the yarn with your right needle, forming a quick and fluid motion. As you become comfortable with this technique, you may find that your overall knitting speed and comfort improve significantly.
THE SHORT-ROW TECHNIQUE: Short-row knitting is an advanced technique that allows for the creation of shaped garments, such as sleeves and shoulders, without the need for complex shaping. To make a sleeve using this technique, begin by casting on the required number of stitches. Work a portion of the row, then turn your work and return without completing the full row to create the “short rows” that shape the curves of the sleeve. To prevent holes at the turn, wrap the stitch before you turn your work. Repeat this process as needed to achieve the desired shaping and dimension of the sleeve. Once you have shaped the sleeve, you can then sew the side seams to connect the pieces of your garment and finally, complete the edges to ensure a clean finish. This method not only helps shape curves but also adds dimension to your piece, allowing you to enhance fit and style.- AILET BALLB (Hons.) - 2025
- English
- Reading Comprehension
- Read the following passage and answer the following questions by choosing the most appropriate answer.
The Story of Coffee
Coffee, a beloved beverage enjoyed by millions around the globe, has a rich and captivating history that spans centuries. The story of coffee begins in the ancient highlands of Ethiopia, where, according to legend, a goat herder named Kaldi discovered the stimulating effects of coffee beans. One day, Kaldi noticed his goats frolicking with unusual energy after eating red berries from a certain tree. Curious, he tried the berries himself and experienced a newfound alertness. This discovery soon spread to monasteries, where monks used it to stay awake during long hours of prayer. From Ethiopia, coffee cultivation and consumption spread to the Arabian Peninsula, particularly in Yemen, where the practice of roasting coffee beans and brewing the drink began to take shape. By the 15th century, coffee had become a popular beverage in the Islamic world, with coffee houses known as ‘qahveh khaneh’ emerging as social hubs for conversation, music, and intellectual exchange. These coffee houses became centers of culture and commerce, influencing the spread of coffee to Turkey and beyond, eventually reaching Europe. In Europe, coffee initially faced resistance from religious authorities who considered it a ‘Muslim drink’ and tried to ban it. However, its popularity persisted, and by the 17th century, coffee houses had sprung up in major European cities, becoming important gathering places for artists, writers, and thinkers. The stimulating effects of coffee were embraced during the Age of Enlightenment, where it was seen as a catalyst for intellectual discussion and innovation. The journey of coffee continued with the establishment of colonial plantations in tropical regions such as the Caribbean, Central and South America, and Southeast Asia. These plantations fuelled the global demand for coffee, transforming it from a regional specialty to a major commodity. The industrial revolution further accelerated coffee production and consumption, leading to innovations in coffee brewing methods and the development of instant coffee. In the modern era, coffee has evolved into a deeply ingrained part of daily life for people worldwide. Its cultural significance spans from the bustling cafes of Paris to the quiet coffee farms of Colombia. Today, coffee remains not only a popular beverage but also a symbol of social interaction, productivity, and enjoyment. Whether sipped slowly over a conversation with friends or grabbed hastily on the way to work, the story of coffee continues to unfold, intertwining with the histories and cultures of countless societies across the globe.- AILET BALLB (Hons.) - 2025
- English
- Reading Comprehension
- Read the following passage and answer the following questions by choosing the most appropriate answer.
The intricate world of modern manufacturing is a web of precision and innovation, where even the tiniest components play a pivotal role. One such element, often overlooked but crucial, is the sub-subpart. Whether it’s a carpenter fashioning a bespoke piece of furniture or an automobile engineer designing the next generation of vehicles, the creation of sub-subparts is a fundamental process that demands meticulous craftsmanship and cutting-edge technology. In the realm of woodworking, carpenters frequently work with sub-subparts like dowels, screws, and hinges. These minute components may appear insignificant, yet they determine the structural integrity and functionality of the final product. Crafting a dowel, for instance, begins with selecting the appropriate wood species, followed by precision cutting and shaping. The result is a perfectly cylindrical, sturdy sub-subpart that seamlessly joins two larger pieces of wood. The advent of computer-aided design (CAD) and computer numerical control (CNC) machines has revolutionised this process, enabling carpenters to create sub-subparts with unparalleled precision.
Similarly, in the automobile industry, sub-subparts are the unsung heroes of vehicle construction. Take, for instance, the ball bearing—a minuscule but essential component in the wheels and transmission system. Manufacturing these precision-engineered spheres involves intricate processes like forging, heat treatment, and precision machining. Modern techniques such as laser cutting and 3D printing have streamlined production, ensuring that these sub-subparts meet the demanding standards of the automotive sector. The manufacturing of sub-subparts is a testament to the convergence of traditional craftsmanship and cutting-edge technology. Whether it’s a carpenter’s workshop or a high-tech automotive assembly line, the quest for perfection in sub-subpart creation remains unwavering. The attention to detail and precision required in these processes is a testament to the dedication of craftsmen and engineers alike.
To conclude, while sub-subparts may be small in size, their significance in various industries cannot be overstated. Whether it’s a carpenter working on a timeless piece of furniture or an automotive engineer striving for superior performance, the manufacturing of sub-subparts is a crucial step towards achieving excellence in craftsmanship and technology. This fusion of tradition and innovation accentuates the essence of modern manufacturing.- AILET BALLB (Hons.) - 2025
- English
- Reading Comprehension
- Read the book descriptions for three different books and answer the questions by choosing the most appropriate options.
\(\text{The Politics of Change}\) \(\text{The Change in Politics}\) \(\text{Politics and Change:}\) A Global Perspective} In "The Politics of Change," political analyst Dr. Emily Harper examines the dynamics of social movements and their impact on policy reform. Through detailed case studies, she explores how grassroots organizations, protests, and advocacy campaigns shape public opinion and influence lawmakers. Dr. Harper provides insights into the strategies that successful movements employ and discusses the challenges they face in a complex political landscape. She discusses key strategies, such as coalition-building, media engagement, and the use of digital platforms to amplify voices. This book by veteran journalist Mark Stevens investigates the shifting political landscape in the 21st century. Focusing on major elections, emerging political parties, and the role of social media, Stevens analyzes how technology and demographics are transforming political engagement and voter behaviour. Through interviews with political leaders, campaign strategists, and everyday voters, Stevens uncovers how demographic shifts and technological advancements are reshaping political discourse in urban areas. He analyzes the implications of these changes for traditional political institutions and explores how movements like #MeToo and Black Lives Matter have disrupted conventional narratives. In this insightful work, international relations scholar Dr. Anika Patel presents a global analysis of political change across various regions. She explores the factors that drive political transitions, including economic shifts, cultural movements, and international influences. Dr. Patel emphasizes the interconnectedness of global politics and how local changes can have far-reaching implications. She analyzes various factors driving political transitions, including economic upheaval, cultural shifts, and the impact of globalization. She provides case studies from diverse regions, such as the Arab Spring, democratic movements in Latin America, and shifts in power in Asia. The book serves as a vital resource for understanding the complexities of political evolution in a rapidly changing world. - AILET BALLB (Hons.) - 2025
- English
- Reading Comprehension
- The levels of dissolved oxygen in the world's ocean waters are declining precipitously. Just like humans, fish need oxygen to survive, and so in ocean areas experiencing significant levels of oxygen scarcity, or hypoxia, fish populations are plummeting. Although some hypoxic areas, called "dead zones," occur naturally, hypoxia in coastal areas and inland waters is caused mainly by agricultural run-off and by discharge of industrial wastewater. More than one hundred permanent dead zones, many covering thousands of square miles, exist worldwide today.
Since reproductive success is the most critical factor in the sustainability of any species, the extent of this threat to marine life and genetic diversity can hardly be overstated. After several months in hypoxic waters, female fish produce fewer eggs. Moreover, hypoxic conditions serve to alter the normal ratio between two particular hormones manufactured during the embryonic stage when a fish's gender is determined. During gestation and under these conditions, the mother produces more testosterone (and less estradiol), which inhibits the development of female reproductive organs and other female characteristics in the embryo, while promoting the development of male traits.
The implications of declining oxygen levels extend beyond individual species to entire ecosystems. Marine biodiversity is at risk as species that cannot adapt to hypoxic conditions may face extinction, leading to a cascade of effects throughout the food web. Predators may struggle to find adequate prey, while other marine organisms, such as coral reefs, which rely on healthy fish populations for symbiotic relationships, may also deteriorate. The loss of biodiversity can disrupt ecosystem services that are essential for human communities, including fisheries, tourism, and coastal protection.- AILET BALLB (Hons.) - 2025
- English
- Reading Comprehension
View More Questions
Questions Asked in IBSAT exam
- An electronic company conducts a survey of 1500 houses for their products. The survey suggested that 862 houses own TV, 783 houses has AC and 736 houses has washing machine. There were 95 houses having only TV, 136 houses having only AC and 88 houses having only washing machine. There were 398 houses having all the three equipments. How many houses have only TV and washing machine but not AC?
- IBSAT
- Set Theory
- Given quadratic equation is \(x^2-|x|-30=0 . \)Then which of the following statements is/are incorrect?
- IBSAT
- Quadratic Equation
- P, Q and E start a joint venture, where in they make an annual profit. P invested one-third of the capital for one-fourth of the time, Q invested one-fourth of the capital for one-half of the time and R invested the remainder of the capital for the entire year. P is a working partner and gets a salary of `10,000 per month. The profit after paying P’s salary is directly proportional to the sum each one has put and also to the square of the number of months for which each has put their sum in the venture. If in a year P earns ` 60,000 more than Q, then how much does P earn?
- IBSAT
- Profit sharing ratio
- The boat will sink when the weight on it increases beyond 350 kg. There is a hole in it through which the water leaks in at the rate of 0.4 kg/s. The weight of the boat is 1200 kg, and the weight of the boatman is 48 kg. The boatman throws out water at the rate of 0.04 kg/s. There are four passengers whose weights are 42.5 kg, 53.5 kg, 43.5 kg and 54.5 kg. How long will the boat float?
- IBSAT
- Number Systems
- Sugar worth 15 per kg and 16 per kg is mixed with a third variety of some other cost in the ratio 1 : 1 : 2. If the mixture is of worth 20 per kg, what would be the cost of the third variety of sugar per kg?
- IBSAT
- Mixtures and Allegations
View More Questions