Question

Explain the term \(\textit{Bhashanga}\) with examples such as Bhairavi, Kambhoji, etc
 

Hint:

Bhashanga ragas use notes outside the parent scale, enhancing emotional depth and variety.

Answer 1

In Carnatic music, ragas are often classified based on their adherence to the parent melakarta scale. The term Bhashanga refers to a special category of janya ragas (derived ragas) that use one or more anya swaras (foreign notes), which do not belong to their parent melakarta scale. 

Unlike upanga ragas, which strictly use notes only from their parent scale, Bhashanga ragas introduce external notes to enrich the melodic expression and emotional impact. These foreign notes give the raga a unique identity and allow for more nuanced improvisations.

Examples:

• Bhairavi: One of the most popular bhashanga ragas, Bhairavi uses the kaishiki nishada (N2) which is not part of its parent melakarta scale (Natabhairavi). This adds a soulful and devotional flavor to compositions in this raga.
• Kambhoji: This raga uses foreign notes such as chatusruti dhaivata (D2) and kaishiki nishada (N2) along with the notes from its parent scale Harikamboji. These anya swaras contribute to the grandeur and classical depth of Kambhoji.

Significance:
Bhashanga ragas provide performers with greater scope for expression, allowing incorporation of subtle ornamentations and phrases that evoke different moods and rasas. They are extensively used in classical compositions and improvisations.