Question

Explain the problem of low productivity of Indian agriculture. Analyse the role of ``National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture'' to solve this problem.

Hint:

NMSA = Productivity + Sustainability + Climate resilience.

Answer 1

Concept: Indian agriculture supports a large population but suffers from low productivity compared to global standards. This is due to structural, technological, and environmental challenges. Problems of Low Productivity:

• Small and Fragmented Landholdings:
  Most farmers operate on small plots, making mechanisation difficult.
• Dependence on Monsoon:
  Large areas rely on rainfall, leading to uncertainty in production.
• Traditional Farming Methods:
  Limited use of modern technology, improved seeds, and scientific practices.
• Soil Degradation:
  Overuse of fertilisers and improper land management reduce soil fertility.
• Lack of Irrigation Facilities:
  Inadequate irrigation infrastructure affects crop yield.
• Limited Access to Credit and Inputs:
  Many farmers cannot afford quality seeds, fertilisers, or machinery.

Role of National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA):

• Promoting Climate-Resilient Farming:
  Encourages drought-resistant crops and sustainable practices.
• Improved Water Management:
  Focuses on rainwater harvesting and efficient irrigation methods.
• Soil Health Management:
  Promotes balanced fertiliser use and organic farming.
• Adoption of Modern Technology:
  Supports use of improved seeds, mechanisation, and scientific techniques.
• Capacity Building:
  Provides training and awareness programmes for farmers.
• Resource Conservation:
  Encourages sustainable use of land and water resources.

Conclusion:
The National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture aims to enhance productivity while ensuring environmental sustainability and long-term agricultural growth.