Question

Explain the neuroendocrine mechanism involved in the process of parturition in a human female leading to the expulsion of the baby out of the uterus through the birth canal.

Hint:

Oxytocin plays a major role in parturition through a positive feedback loop, leading to stronger and more frequent uterine contractions.

Answer 1

Step 1: Parturition is the process of childbirth, initiated by a complex neuroendocrine mechanism.
Step 2:

• Signals from the fully developed foetus and placenta trigger mild uterine contractions.
• These contractions are sensed by the maternal hypothalamus, which signals the posterior pituitary to release oxytocin.
• Oxytocin causes stronger uterine contractions (positive feedback mechanism).
• These contractions further stimulate oxytocin release, intensifying the process.
• Eventually, this leads to expulsion of the baby through the birth canal.