Question

Explain the main points related to the emerging consensus among most of the political parties despite tough competition and many conflicts in Indian politics.

Hint:

Indian democracy remains stable because of consensus on core principles like democracy, secularism, federalism, and social justice despite party rivalries.

Answer 1

Indian politics is characterized by multi-party competition and conflicts, yet over the years a broad consensus has emerged among most political parties on some fundamental issues. This consensus reflects the maturity of Indian democracy. The main points of this consensus are:
1. Democracy as the Basis of Politics:
All major parties, irrespective of ideology, accept that democracy, free and fair elections, and the rule of law must be the foundation of governance in India.
2. Federalism:
Despite occasional disputes between the Centre and the States, there is agreement that India’s unity can be preserved only through a federal system that respects state autonomy while maintaining national integration.
3. Secularism:
Most parties, even if they interpret secularism differently, agree that India cannot favor any one religion and must give equal respect to all faiths.
4. Mixed Economy and Economic Reforms:
Earlier there was consensus on a state-led mixed economy. After the 1991 reforms, there is broad agreement on liberalization, privatization, and globalization, with a focus on growth along with welfare.
5. Social Justice:
Almost all parties support affirmative action policies such as reservations for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and Other Backward Classes to reduce social inequalities.
6. Foreign Policy Consensus:
Political parties broadly agree on maintaining India’s independence in foreign policy while building friendly relations with major powers and neighbors.
Conclusion:
Thus, despite intense political competition, parties in India share a common consensus on democracy, secularism, federalism, economic development, social justice, and independent foreign policy. This has ensured the stability and continuity of the Indian political system.