Question

Explain the beneficial role of the following, produced as a result of the processes of biotechnology, to mankind:
(α) −1−antitrypsin

Answer 1

(α)-1-antitrypsin ((α1)-antitrypsin or AAT) is a protein produced in the liver that inhibits the activity of several proteolytic enzymes, particularly elastase, which is released by neutrophils (a type of white blood cell) to fight infections. The primary beneficial role of (α)-1-antitrypsin produced through biotechnology is in the treatment of (α)-1-antitrypsin deficiency. (α)-1-antitrypsin deficiency is a genetic disorder that can lead to serious lung diseases, such as emphysema, and liver problems. Individuals with this deficiency do not produce enough functional AAT, leading to an imbalance where elastase can destroy lung tissue, causing progressive damage. Biotechnology has enabled the production of recombinant human (α)-1-antitrypsin. This therapeutic protein can be administered to individuals with (α)-1-antitrypsin deficiency through intravenous infusions. The benefits of this biopharmaceutical include: • Augmentation therapy: Increasing the levels of functional AAT in the patient’s blood and lungs. • Protection of lung tissue: Inhibiting the excessive activity of elastase, thereby preventing or slowing down the destruction of lung tissue and the progression of emphysema. • Improved quality of life: Helping patients with AAT deficiency to maintain better lung function and a higher quality of life. The production of recombinant (α)-1-antitrypsin through biotechnology provides a life-saving or life-improving therapy for individuals suffering from this genetic disorder, highlighting the significant beneficial role of biotechnology in treating human diseases. Correct Answer : Recombinant (α)-1-antitrypsin produced through biotechnology is used as augmentation therapy for individuals with (α)-1-antitrypsin deficiency. It helps to increase the levels of this protective protein in the lungs, inhibiting elastase activity and preventing the progression of lung diseases like emphysema.