Question

Explain any three examples of biopiracy.

Hint:

The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) aims to prevent biopiracy by ensuring benefit-sharing with indigenous communities.

Answer 1

Biopiracy involves the unauthorized use of biological resources or traditional knowledge without fair compensation. Three examples: 1. Neem (Azadirachta indica): US and European companies patented neem-based products (e.g., pesticides) in the 1990s, exploiting India’s traditional knowledge of neem’s medicinal and insect-repellent properties. India successfully challenged the patents, citing prior art. 2. Turmeric (Curcuma longa): In 1995, a US patent was granted for turmeric’s wound-healing properties, a practice long documented in Indian Ayurveda. India’s CSIR contested and revoked the patent, proving traditional use. 3. Basmati rice: In 1997, a US company patented a hybrid basmati rice strain, claiming novelty. India and Pakistan opposed, as basmati is a traditional variety from the Indian subcontinent. The patent was partially revoked after protests.