Question:

Ecological hotspots present in India are

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Ecology is a branch of biology that studies the spatial and temporal trends, including causes and effects, of the distribution and abundance of species. Ecology covers the disciplines of evolutionary biology, genetics, and ethology that are interlinked with each other.  

Updated On: Sep 15, 2022
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The Correct Option is C

Solution and Explanation

In India, there are three ecological hotspots - Western Ghats and Sri Lanka, Indo-Burma, and Himalayas.

Ecological hotspots are biological areas comprising of exceptional habitats or a high concentration of biological values.  These could be endangered or extinct species, special habitats, or numbers of individual species of global significance. Various strategies like special conservation efforts and funds are put in place to focus on the comparatively limited number of main biodiversity sites. For a spot to qualify as a hotspot or biodiversity, two conditions are to be satisfied:

  • The area must contain at least 1.500 endemic vascular plant species.
  • The region must have lost at least 70 percent of its natural primary vegetation.

Also Read: Biodiversity & Conservation

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Notes on Biodiversity and Conservation

Concepts Used:

Biodiversity and Conservation

The term ‘biodiversity’ is derived from the two words- ‘bios' which means life and ‘diversity’ i.e, differentiation or variation. Edward Wilson, the sociobiologist was the first to popularise the term ‘biodiversity’ in the year 1992. The term implies the occurrence of various plants and animals along with their variants such as biotypes, ecotypes and genes on earth. In our biosphere, the immense diversity or heterogeneity remains not only at the species level but also, at every level of biological organization that ranges from macromolecules in the cells to biomes.

Biodiversity and Conservation is a topic covered under the fifteenth chapter and Unit 5 of NCERT class 12 biology.