Question

ECG was developed by

• A. \( \text{Wilhelm His} \)
• B. \( \text{Steward} \)
• C. \( \text{Willem Einthoven} \)
• D. \( \text{Hubert Mann} \)

Hint:

Remembering key figures and their contributions in biomedical engineering is important. Willem Einthoven's development of the ECG was a monumental step in diagnostic medicine, enabling non-invasive assessment of cardiac function and leading to significant advancements in understanding heart diseases. His work laid the foundation for all subsequent ECG technology and interpretation.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

To solve this question about the development of the electrocardiogram (ECG), let's examine the contributions of each scientist mentioned in the options.

1. Understanding the ECG

The electrocardiogram (ECG) is a medical test that records the electrical activity of the heart over time. It has become one of the most fundamental diagnostic tools in cardiology.

2. Analysis of Each Option

a) Wilhelm His:

• German physician (1863-1934)
• Discovered the bundle of His (part of the heart's electrical conduction system)
• Did not develop the ECG

b) Steward:

• No significant historical figure by this name is associated with ECG development
• Likely a distractor in this question

c) Willem Einthoven:

• Dutch physiologist (1860-1927)
• Invented the first practical ECG in 1903
• Developed the string galvanometer for ECG recording
• Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1924) for ECG discovery
• Standardized the limb leads (I, II, III) still used today

d) Hubert Mann:

• No major contributions to ECG development
• Possibly confused with other medical researchers

3. Historical Context

While electrical activity of the heart was first observed in the 19th century, Einthoven:

• Created the first clinically useful ECG machine
• Introduced the term "electrocardiogram"
• Identified and named the P, QRS, and T waves
• Established ECG as a diagnostic tool

4. Why Other Options Are Incorrect

- His made important anatomical discoveries but didn't develop ECG technology
- Steward and Mann have no verifiable connection to ECG invention
- Einthoven's contributions are well-documented and Nobel-recognized

5. Modern Impact

Einthoven's work formed the foundation for:

• All modern ECG machines
• Cardiac monitoring systems
• Our understanding of arrhythmias

6. Final Answer

The ECG was developed by Willem Einthoven, making this the correct choice among the given options.