A hot, freshly-sterilised fermentation medium is cooled in a double-pipe heat-exchanger. The medium enters the inner pipe of the exchanger at 95 \(^\circ C\) and leaves the exchanger at 40 \(^\circ C\). Cooling water, flowing counter-currently to the medium, enters the annulus of the exchanger at 15 \(^\circ C\) and leaves the exchanger at 45 \(^\circ C\). The overall heat transfer coefficient is 1350 W m\(^{-2}\) °C\(^{-1}\). The rate of heat transfer per unit area will be _________ W/m². (Round off to the nearest integer)
In a fermentation process, each mole of glucose is converted to biomass (CH\(_1.8\)O\(_0.5\)N\(_0.2\)), with a biomass yield coefficient of 0.4 C-mol/C-mol, according to the unbalanced equation given below. \[ {C}_6{H}_{12}{O}_6 + {NH}_3 + {O}_2 \to {CH}_1.8{O}_0.5{N}_0.2 + {CO}_2 + {H}_2{O} \] The moles of oxygen consumption per mole of glucose consumed during fermentation is _. (Round off to two decimal places)
An adiabatic pump of efficiency 40% is used to increase the water pressure from 200 kPa to 600 kPa. The flow rate of water is 600 L/min. The specific heat of water is 4.2 kJ/(kg°C). Assuming water is incompressible with a density of 1000 kg/m\(^3\), the maximum temperature rise of water across the pump is ________°C (rounded off to 3 decimal places).
An ideal monoatomic gas is contained inside a cylinder-piston assembly connected to a Hookean spring as shown in the figure. The piston is frictionless and massless. The spring constant is 10 kN/m. At the initial equilibrium state (shown in the figure), the spring is unstretched. The gas is expanded reversibly by adding 362.5 J of heat. At the final equilibrium state, the piston presses against the stoppers. Neglecting the heat loss to the surroundings, the final equilibrium temperature of the gas is _________ K (rounded off to the nearest integer).
Antibody | Description |
---|---|
P. IgE | (i) Cross the placenta |
Q. IgG | (ii) Dominant antibody produced in immune responses |
R. IgM | (iii) It is found in the mother's milk |
S. IgA | (iv) Responsible for autoimmune responses including allergies |