The drug of choice for treating acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG) is Metronidazole. Metronidazole is an antibiotic that is effective against anaerobic bacteria, which are commonly involved in the pathogenesis of ANUG. The condition is typically caused by a combination of poor oral hygiene, stress, and other predisposing factors, leading to the proliferation of anaerobic bacteria in the gingiva. Metronidazole specifically targets these anaerobes and helps resolve the infection and inflammation associated with ANUG.