Question:

Draw structures of the following derivatives. 
(i)The 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone of benzaldehyde 
(ii)Cyclopropanone oxime 
(iii)Acetaldehydedimethylacetal 
(iv)The semicarbazone of cyclobutanone 
(v)The ethylene ketal of hexan-3-one 
(vi)The methyl hemiacetal of formaldehyde

Updated On: Sep 27, 2023
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Solution and Explanation

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

(v)

(vi)

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Concepts Used:

Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids - Nomenclature

Aldehydes:

  • The acyclic and aliphatic aldehydes are firstly named after their longest carbon chain. In this “al” is attached to the suffix.
  • When the aldehyde functional group is suppressed in a ring compound, the “carbaldehyde” suffix is used.
  • For natural carboxylic acids, the “oxo'' prefix is used to highlight the carbon which is involved in the aldehyde functional group.

Ketones:

  • In the case of ketones, the parent alkane’s name is taken into consideration. In this “anone” suffix is attached to it.
  • The carbonyl group’s position is represented by a particular number while giving a particular name to the ketone.
  • The name of the alkyl groups that are linked to the carbonyl compound is included in the nomenclature.

Carboxylic Acids:

  • Carboxylic acids are named by the addition of the suffix an “oic acid” to the parent carbon chain.
  • Even if other substituents are present, the carboxylic acid will be considered at the first (primary) position of the parent carbon chain.
  • The carboxylic group can also be utilized as a substituent in the parent carbon chain.

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