Question

Discuss the concept and characteristics of westernization.

Hint:

Westernization = Adoption of Western ideas, institutions, technology; note both modernization benefits and cultural tensions.

Answer 1

Westernization is the process by which societies adopt cultural, technological, and institutional aspects of Western countries. It involves changes in lifestyle, education, law, governance, industry, and social norms. Characteristics include industrial and technological advancement, individualism, rationalism, secular values, urbanization, and exposure to global media and education. While promoting modernization, economic growth, and social mobility, it may also lead to erosion of traditional customs, family structures, and indigenous knowledge. In India, westernization interacted with local culture, producing selective adaptation, hybrid practices, and reform movements aimed at blending modernity with tradition.