Question

Differentiate between DNA and RNA.

Hint:

DNA stores genetic information, while RNA is essential for protein synthesis and gene expression.

Answer 1

Step 1: Structure of DNA and RNA.
- DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid): DNA is a double-stranded molecule that contains the genetic blueprint for the cell. The strands are held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary nitrogenous bases. - RNA (Ribonucleic Acid): RNA is a single-stranded molecule that plays a role in protein synthesis and gene expression.
Step 2: Key Differences.
1. Sugar: - DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, which lacks one oxygen atom compared to ribose in RNA. - RNA contains ribose sugar. 2. Strands: - DNA is double-stranded (forming a double helix). - RNA is single-stranded. 3. Bases: - DNA contains adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). - RNA contains adenine (A), uracil (U), cytosine (C), and guanine (G), replacing thymine with uracil. 4. Function: - DNA stores and transmits genetic information. - RNA is involved in protein synthesis (mRNA, tRNA, rRNA) and gene expression.
Final Answer: DNA is double-stranded with deoxyribose sugar and thymine, whereas RNA is single-stranded with ribose sugar and uracil.
Final Answer: \[ \boxed{\text{DNA is double-stranded with deoxyribose sugar and thymine, while RNA is single-stranded with ribose sugar and uracil.}} \]