Question

Describe the characteristics of Green Revolution in India.

Hint:

The Green Revolution made India self-sufficient in food production but also highlighted the need for sustainable agricultural practices.

Answer 1

The Green Revolution in India refers to a period of agricultural transformation that began in the 1960s, marked by the introduction of high-yielding variety (HYV) seeds, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and advanced irrigation methods. It aimed to make India self-sufficient in food production.
Step 1: High-Yielding Variety (HYV) Seeds.
The use of HYV seeds for crops like wheat and rice significantly increased agricultural productivity, particularly in states like Punjab, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh.
Step 2: Use of Chemical Fertilizers and Pesticides.
To enhance soil fertility and protect crops from pests, chemical fertilizers and pesticides were widely adopted during this period.
Step 3: Expansion of Irrigation.
The Green Revolution led to the development of canal systems and tube wells, ensuring the availability of water throughout the year for cultivation.
Step 4: Mechanisation of Agriculture.
The use of modern machinery such as tractors, harvesters, and threshers reduced manual labour and increased efficiency in farming operations.
Step 5: Impact on Economy.
It transformed India from a food-deficient to a food-surplus nation and improved the income of farmers, especially in the northwestern regions. However, it also caused regional imbalances and environmental challenges.