Question

Describe biofortification in brief.

Hint:

Biofortification offers a sustainable solution to address micronutrient deficiencies in populations that lack access to diverse and nutrient-rich foods.

Answer 1

Biofortification is the process of increasing the nutritional value of food crops through biological methods, such as breeding, genetic modification, or fertilization. The goal is to enhance the levels of essential nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, and amino acids in staple foods that are consumed by large populations. Step 1: Methods of Biofortification.
- Conventional Breeding: This involves selecting and breeding crop varieties that naturally have higher nutrient content. - Genetic Engineering: Involves altering the genetic makeup of crops to increase their nutrient content. - Agronomic Practices: Using specific fertilizers or soil management practices to increase the nutrient uptake by crops.
Step 2: Importance of Biofortification.
- Fighting Malnutrition: It helps address micronutrient deficiencies, such as vitamin A, iron, and zinc, especially in regions where people rely on staple foods with low nutrient content. - Sustainability: Unlike fortification, which adds nutrients after harvest, biofortification naturally enhances the nutritional content of food crops, providing a sustainable solution to malnutrition.
Final Answer: Biofortification is the process of enhancing the nutritional value of food crops through breeding, genetic modification, or agronomic practices, with the aim of combating malnutrition in populations that rely on staple foods.