The Mandal Commission (1980) made the following key recommendations to address the issues of other backward classes (OBCs):
1. Reservation in Jobs: The Commission recommended 27% reservation for OBCs in government jobs to promote social and economic equity.
2. Educational Reservation: It proposed reservation for OBCs in educational institutions to improve access to higher education and skills development.
3. Social and Economic Development: The Commission recommended measures to promote the social and economic development of OBCs, including schemes for scholarships and welfare programs.
Thus, the correct answer is (b).