Question

Define Acids and Bases according to the Arrhenius theory.

Hint:

{Arrhenius Acid → Produces \(H^+\) ions in water}
{Arrhenius Base → Produces \(OH^-\) ions in water}

Answer 1

Concept: The Arrhenius theory was proposed by the Swedish scientist Svante Arrhenius. It explains the nature of acids and bases based on the ions they produce when dissolved in water.
Step 1:Arrhenius Definition of Acids According to Arrhenius, an acid is a substance that produces hydrogen ions (\(H^+\)) when dissolved in water. Example: \[ HCl \rightarrow H^+ + Cl^- \] In this reaction, hydrochloric acid dissociates in water to produce hydrogen ions.
Step 2:Arrhenius Definition of Bases According to Arrhenius, a base is a substance that produces hydroxide ions (\(OH^-\)) when dissolved in water. Example: \[ NaOH \rightarrow Na^+ + OH^- \] Here, sodium hydroxide dissociates in water to produce hydroxide ions.