Question

Darcy’s law quantifies the volume of groundwater flow

• A. per unit surface area of the aquifer
• B. per unit time
• C. per unit cross-sectional area of the aquifer
• D. per unit cross-sectional area of the aquifer per unit time

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Darcy’s Law and Groundwater Flow

Understanding Darcy’s Law

Darcy’s Law quantifies groundwater flow as a function of:

• Permeability (K): The ability of a porous medium to transmit fluid.
• Hydraulic Gradient (I): The change in hydraulic head per unit distance.
• Cross-Sectional Area (A): The area through which groundwater flows.

Mathematically, Darcy’s Law is expressed as:

\[ Q = K I A \]

where:

• \( Q \) = Discharge (volume of water flowing per unit time)
• \( K \) = Hydraulic conductivity (permeability)
• \( I \) = Hydraulic gradient
• \( A \) = Cross-sectional area

Primary Quantification

Although Darcy’s Law considers permeability, hydraulic gradient, and cross-sectional area, its primary purpose is to quantify the volume of water flowing per unit time in a porous medium.

Conclusion:

Darcy’s Law is fundamental in hydrogeology, helping estimate groundwater movement and manage water resources effectively.