The reaction given is:
\[ \text{Albite} = \text{Jadeite} + \text{Quartz} \]
Where:
The chemical components involved in this equilibrium are:
These two components, **NaO** and **SiO**, are sufficient to describe the composition of all the phases in this reaction. Therefore, the minimum number of chemical components required to describe the composition of all phases is:
\[ \boxed{2} \]
The minimum number of chemical components required to describe the composition of all phases in this reaction is 2.