Question

Consider the following statements regarding osmotic pressure:
(A) Molar mass of a protein can be determined using the osmotic pressure method.
(B) The osmotic pressure is proportional to the molarity.
(C) Reverse osmosis occurs when a pressure larger than osmotic pressure is applied to the concentrated solution side.
(D) Edema occurs due to retention of water in tissue cells as a result of osmosis.
Choose the correct statements with reference to osmotic pressure:

• A. (A), (B), and (D) only
• B. (A), (B), and (C) only
• C. (A), (B), (C), and (D)
• D. (B), (C), and (D) only

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

The problem involves determining the correctness of statements related to osmotic pressure. Let's analyze each statement:

1. Statement (A): "Molar mass of a protein can be determined using the osmotic pressure method."

   Osmotic pressure is used to determine the molar mass of large molecules like proteins. The relationship is given by the formula: π=CRT, where π is the osmotic pressure, C is the molarity, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin. By measuring osmotic pressure, one can determine the molar mass, making this statement correct.

2. Statement (B): "The osmotic pressure is proportional to the molarity."

   According to the formula π=CRT, osmotic pressure is directly proportional to the molarity (C). This is a valid statement.

3. Statement (C): "Reverse osmosis occurs when a pressure larger than osmotic pressure is applied to the concentrated solution side."

   Reverse osmosis is a process where pressure greater than osmotic pressure is applied to push the solvent from a region of higher concentration to lower concentration, against the natural osmotic direction. This statement accurately describes reverse osmosis.

4. Statement (D): "Edema occurs due to retention of water in tissue cells as a result of osmosis."

   Edema involves the accumulation of fluids in tissues, often due to osmosis. Osmosis leads to water moving into the cells or interstitial spaces when there is an osmotic imbalance. This statement is correct.

Thus, all statements (A), (B), (C), and (D) are correct based on the principles of osmotic pressure.

Answer 2

Let's analyze each statement regarding osmotic pressure:

(A) Molar mass of a protein can be determined using the osmotic pressure method.

This is correct. Osmotic pressure is a colligative property, which depends on the number of solute particles in a solution. Since proteins are large molecules, other colligative properties like boiling point elevation or freezing point depression produce very small changes that are difficult to measure accurately. Osmotic pressure changes are more significant and measurable, making it suitable for determining protein molar masses.

(B) The osmotic pressure is proportional to the molarity.

This is also correct. The van't Hoff equation describes the relationship between osmotic pressure (π), molarity (M), the ideal gas constant (R), and temperature (T): π = MRT. Therefore, osmotic pressure is directly proportional to molarity at a constant temperature.

(C) Reverse osmosis occurs when a pressure larger than osmotic pressure is applied to the concentrated solution side.

This is correct. In reverse osmosis, pressure exceeding the osmotic pressure forces solvent molecules to move from the concentrated solution to the dilute solution through a semipermeable membrane. This is used in water purification and desalination.

(D) Edema occurs due to retention of water in tissue cells as a result of osmosis.

This is correct. Edema is the swelling caused by excess fluid trapped in the body's tissues. Osmosis plays a role in fluid distribution in the body. If the osmotic pressure balance is disrupted, water can accumulate in tissues, leading to edema.

Therefore, all the statements are correct.

The correct answer is:

Option 3: (A), (B), (C), and (D)