Question

Consider the following statements followed by conclusions. Assuming the statements to be true, decide which of the conclusion(s) follow(s) from the given statements.
Statements:
All books are books.
All cakes are apples.
Conclusions:
I. Some cakes are books.
II. No cake is a book.
III. Some apples are books.
IV. All apples are books.

• A. Only conclusion I follows
• B. Either conclusion I or II follows
• C. Only conclusion I and III follow
• D. Either conclusion III or IV follows

Hint:

When analyzing logical conclusions, ensure that the relationships stated in the premises are supported or not contradicted by the conclusions. Avoid selecting conclusions that are not directly supported by the given statements.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Step 1: Analyzing the statements.
Statement 1: "All books are books." This statement doesn't provide new information; it simply states that books are books.
Statement 2: "All cakes are apples." This means that every cake is also an apple.
Step 2: Analyzing the conclusions.
Conclusion I: "Some cakes are books."
Since all cakes are apples, and there’s no information that restricts apples from being books, this conclusion is possible.
Conclusion II: "No cake is a book."
This conclusion contradicts conclusion I. There’s no statement that directly supports this conclusion, so it does not follow.
Conclusion III: "Some apples are books."
Given that all cakes are apples, and there is no restriction against apples being books, this conclusion is possible.
Conclusion IV: "All apples are books."
The statement does not suggest that all apples must be books, so this conclusion does not follow.
Step 3: Conclusion. The correct answer is (3) Only conclusion I and III follow.