For a Poisson process \( X(t) \), the covariance function \( C(t_1, t_2) \) is given by:
\[
C(t_1, t_2) = \min(t_1, t_2).
\]
Thus, to calculate \( C(5, 3) \), we find:
\[
C(5, 3) = \min(5, 3) = 3.
\]
Therefore, the value of \( C(5, 3) \) is \( \boxed{3} \).