Step 1: Understanding the depositional environments of conglomerates.
Conglomerates are coarse-grained sedimentary rocks composed of rounded pebbles and boulders. These rocks are typically deposited in high-energy environments, such as alluvial fans, where fast-moving water transports and deposits large clasts.
Step 2: Analyzing the options.
(A) aeolian dunes: Aeolian dunes are formed by wind, and they typically deposit fine-grained sand, not conglomerates.
(B) tidal flats: Tidal flats are low-energy environments where fine sediments like mud and silt are deposited, not conglomerates.
(C) alluvial fans: This is the correct answer. Alluvial fans are high-energy depositional environments where conglomerates are commonly formed.
(D) river flood plains: While river flood plains can deposit coarse sediments, conglomerates are more commonly associated with alluvial fans.
Step 3: Conclusion.
The correct answer is (C) alluvial fans because these environments are typically where conglomerates are deposited.
In the given schematic diagram, cross beds are exposed on a vertical rock face. The feature XY (bold line) represents a/an:

The schematic diagram represents thin section of a carbonate rock. The type of cement formed by large calcite crystals is known as:

Match the following structures in Group I with the corresponding environment of deposition in Group II: 
A magma having density of 2900 kg m\(^-3\) just reaches the surface through a two-layered crust as shown in the figure below. Assuming isostatic equilibrium, its depth of melting is .......... km. (Round off to one decimal place) 
Two boreholes A and B, both inclined towards 270°, penetrate a dipping coal bed at the same point and pass through it entirely in the sub-surface as shown in the figure below. The bed dips towards 270°. The thickness of the coal bed, measured along the borehole A is 10 m and along borehole B is 8 m. The angle between the two boreholes is 20°. The orthogonal thickness \( x \) of the coal bed is ........ m. (Round off to one decimal place) 
A well-developed succession of laminated shale is bound by two volcanic ash beds that were precisely dated as shown in the schematic diagram given below. Assuming a constant sedimentation rate, the age of the fossiliferous limestone bed 65 m above the basal volcanic ash bed is ............ Ma. (Round off to nearest integer) 
The data tabulated below are for flooding events in the last 400 years.
The probability of a large flood accompanied by a glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) in 2025 is ........... \(\times 10^{-3}\). (Round off to one decimal place)
| Year | Flood Size | Magnitude rank |
|---|---|---|
| 1625 | Large | 2 |
| 1658 | Large + GLOF | 1 |
| 1692 | Small | 4 |
| 1704 | Large | 2 |
| 1767 | Large | 2 |
| 1806 | Small | 4 |
| 1872 | Large + GLOF | 1 |
| 1909 | Large | 2 |
| 1932 | Large | 2 |
| 1966 | Medium | 3 |
| 2023 | Large + GLOF | 1 |
A satellite launching vehicle is carrying a lander for Moon mapping.
As shown in the figure below, P is the position where the gravitational forces exerted by Earth and Moon on the vehicle balance out.
The distance \( P \) from the center of the Earth is ........... \(\times 10^5\) km. (Round off to two decimal places)