Commonly used vectors for human genome sequencing are
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These vectors contain genes for replication and maintenance of the F-factor, a selectable marker, and a cloning site.
- T-DNA
- BAC and YAC
- expression vectors
- T/A cloning vectors.
The Correct Option is B
Approach Solution - 1
Bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) vectors are based on the natural, extra-chromosomal plasmid of E. coli. BAC vector contains genes for replication and maintenance of the F-factor, a selectable marker, and a cloning site.
- These vectors can accommodate up to 300-350 kb of foreign DNA and are also being used in genome sequencing projects.
- Yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) vectors are used to clone DNA fragments of more than 1 Mb in size.
- Therefore, they have been exploited extensively in mapping large genomes, e.g., in the Human Genome Project.
- These vectors contain the telomeric sequence, the centromere, and the autonomously replicating sequence from yeast chromosomes.
Discover More from Chapter: Genome and Genomics
Approach Solution -2
The Correct Answer is (B)
Real Life Applications
Some real-life examples of vectors for human genome sequencing are:
1. Plasmids: Plasmids are DNA molecules that can be used to carry genes into bacteria.
2. Yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs): YACs are DNA molecules that can be used to clone large pieces of DNA.
3. BACs (bacterial artificial chromosomes): They are used in genome sequencing projects because they are more stable than YACs.
4. BAC-to-BAC libraries: They are used to identify and map genes in the genome.
Question can also be asked as
1. What are the most common vectors used for human genome sequencing?
2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each vector?
3. How are vectors used in human genome sequencing?
4. What are the different types of libraries that can be created using vectors?
Approach Solution -3
The Correct Answer is (B)
Genomics is a field of biology focusing on the function, structure, evolution, editing, and mapping of genomes.
- Every living organism has a unique genome.
- Just like a recipe, a genome is a full collection of genetic instructions for a given organism.
- It is the genome that contains the knowledge necessary for an organism to survive and grow.
Features of Genome Sequencing
- There are 3164.7 million nucleotide bases in the human genome.
- Dystrophin is the largest known human gene and has 2.4 million bases.
- The genome is made up of repeating sequences and has no unique coding function, but these redundant codes will help us better understand humanity's genetic evolution over time.
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Concepts Used:
Biotechnology
Biotechnology is a vast field of biology that involves the creation, production, and modification of useful products for human welfare using both the technology and the execution of living organisms and their components. An agricultural engineer, Karoly Ereky, coined the word "biotechnology" in 1919, achieving him the title of "Father of Biotechnology."
Principles of Biotechnology:
Among many, the two core techniques that entitled the birth of modern biotechnology are :
- Genetic Engineering is one of the methods of direct modifications of an organism's genome (i.e., DNA and RNA). It requires the introduction of new genes into host species to escalate function or trait, hence altering the host organism's phenotype.
- Bioprocess Engineering is one of the methods of maintaining sterile conditions to facilitate the growth of large quantities of desired microbes and other eukaryotic cells for the development of new or modified biotechnological products such as enzymes, vaccines, antibiotics, and other biotechnological products.