Question

Comment on tRNA.

Hint:

tRNA is called the "adapter molecule" because it links codons of mRNA with their corresponding amino acids during protein synthesis.

Answer 1

tRNA (Transfer RNA): Transfer RNA is a small RNA molecule that plays a central role in protein synthesis by carrying amino acids to the ribosome. It acts as an "adapter molecule" between the mRNA codons and the amino acids. Structure: - tRNA has a clover-leaf structure in two dimensions and an L-shaped structure in three dimensions. - It contains three important regions: \[\begin{array}{rl} \bullet & \text{Anticodon loop: Contains a set of three bases (anticodon) that pairs with the complementary codon on mRNA.} \\ \bullet & \text{Amino acid attachment site: Located at the 3'-end where the specific amino acid attaches.} \\ \bullet & \text{DHU loop and TΨC loop: Help in recognition by enzymes (aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases) and ribosomal binding.} \\ \end{array}\] Functions of tRNA: \begin{enumerate} \item Brings specific amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis. \item Ensures correct translation of genetic code from mRNA into amino acid sequence. \item Plays a key role in maintaining the accuracy and efficiency of protein synthesis. \end{enumerate} Example: For the codon AUG (methionine), the tRNA carrying methionine has the anticodon UAC.