Question

Colonialism brought about significant changes in the institution of caste. Choose the correct statement related to this statement.

• A. The 1903 census was done under the direction of Herbert Risley.
• B. No information was collected on the social hierarchy of caste.
• C. The administration also took interest in the welfare of the downtrodden castes.
• D. The Government of India Act of 1950 was passed which gave legal recognition to the lists or schedules of castes and tribes marked out for special treatment by the state.

Hint:

Colonial censuses played a major role in solidifying caste identities and hierarchies. Remember Herbert Risley's role in the 1901 census and its lasting impact on caste in India.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

(A) Correct: The 1901 Census of India, headed by Herbert Risley, was a crucial moment in the colonial construction of caste. Risley attempted to scientifically classify and rank castes based on anthropometric measurements, solidifying caste hierarchies and furthering colonial administrative aims. While the question mentions the 1903 census, which didn't occur, the intent is to refer to Risley's influential role in the 1901 census. The 1911 census was also done under his supervision.
(B) Incorrect: Extensive information on caste, including social hierarchy, was collected in colonial censuses. This data was used to categorize and control populations, allocate resources, and reinforce existing power structures.
(C) Incorrect: While the colonial administration sometimes implemented policies seemingly aimed at the welfare of lower castes, these were often driven by political motives like divide and rule rather than genuine concern. The focus was not really on uplifting these castes.
(D) Incorrect: The Government of India Act of 1935, not 1950, introduced separate electorates and reservations for certain castes and tribes. The Constitution of India, adopted in 1950, continued and modified these provisions, recognizing Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes and providing affirmative action policies.