Concept:
The correct word should convey prevention or stopping an attack.
Explanation:
The word \textit{thwart} means to prevent or stop something from succeeding.
Air defence systems are used to stop attacks, so this word fits perfectly.
Other options do not convey strong prevention:
\begin{itemize}
\item discourage = reduce likelihood
\item foster = encourage (incorrect meaning)
\item avoid = stay away from (not precise)
\end{itemize}
Thus, option (D) is correct.