Change is the only constant and disruptive technologies are only quickening its pace. “I’ve been an entrepreneur all my life. Never has the pace of change been as high as it is today. Today, we are facing a large number of disruptive forces, especially those caused by technology,” Nilekani said. He shared the example of the iPhone, which is currently celebrating its 10th anniversary. “What we have seen in the past 10 years is a complete change in the balance of technology from serving the enterprise to serving the consumer. Today, when you look at the leading companies in the world by Market Capitalisation, they are all companies that service consumers like Facebook, Google, Amazon, Apple and so on. This is because the balance of power has shifted to consumer technology,” He said. The constant change will require constant learning and relearning. The core message from Nilekani therefore was: Lifetime learning. “The good news is that you have got degree from IIT Madras. The not so good news is that you can’t stop learning. You will have to keep learning for the rest of your life because we are now entering an era of lifelong learning,” he said. And by life-long learning, he didn’t mean “going to a campus and have fun for five years.” It will be learning in short bursts, any time learning, anywhere learning. It’s going to be just in time learning. A lot of it will even be online learning. This need for constant learning and relearning will come because of our collective inability to predict the kind of jobs that will be done in future or the kind of organisations that people will be working for in future. The high rate of automation in the jobs will have an impact on the way jobs are done. We have seen in the past that technology has made repetitive jobs go away as computers became more and more powerful. In the past 10-15 years, you are seeing the rise of AI (Artificial Intelligence) and Machine Learning. And increasingly, in the last 5-6 years, you are seeing the rise of deep learning, which allows you to use a new kind of technology called neural networks that can make computers smarter and smarter.
Question: 1
Read the following statements and find the two correct statements that state the theme of the extract:
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When identifying the theme of a text, focus on the main points that are repeatedly emphasized throughout the passage.
The extract is about Nandan Nilekani as an entrepreneur and his achievements.
The extract is about a change in technology in the recent past and changes resulted from it.
The extract is about life-long learning and relearning for the rest of our life.
The extract is emphasizing only about online education.
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The Correct Option isB
Solution and Explanation
The extract discusses the rapid pace of change, especially technological disruption, and emphasizes the need for constant learning and relearning in light of these changes. It specifically mentions the shift in technology from serving enterprises to consumers and highlights the necessity of life-long learning due to unpredictable changes in job requirements and technology.
Thus, statements (b) and (c) are the correct ones as they match the main themes discussed in the extract.
Final Answer:
\[
\boxed{\text{(b) The extract is about a change in technology in recent past and changes resulted from it.}}
\]
\[
\boxed{\text{(c) The extract is about life-long learning and relearning for the rest of our life.}}
\]
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Question: 2
Complete the flow chart on the need for constant learning and relearning. One is done for you. Find the information from the extract and complete the flow chart.
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The flow chart helps break down complex processes into simple steps, making it easier to understand sequential events and their impact.
The flow chart shows the sequence of events leading to the necessity of lifelong learning. The key steps based on the extract are:
1. The high rate of automation in jobs leads to the elimination of repetitive tasks.
2. With the rise of AI, machine learning, and deep learning, new technologies drive the need for workers to adapt.
3. As a result, lifelong learning is essential, which occurs through learning in short bursts and anytime, anywhere, including online education.
Final Answer:
The completed flow chart is as follows:
High rate of automation in job
Repetitive jobs are eliminated
Rise of AI and Machine Learning
Need for constant learning and relearning
Lifelong learning through short bursts, anywhere and anytime.
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Question: 3
Illustrate the idea of lifelong learning as mentioned in the extract. \hfill
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Lifelong learning is not just about formal education, but about continually updating skills through diverse learning methods like online courses, workshops, and self-study.
The extract emphasizes the importance of lifelong learning in the current era of rapid technological advancements. Nandan Nilekani stresses that the pace of change in the world today is unprecedented, and this requires individuals to constantly learn and relearn throughout their lives.
He mentions that life-long learning is not about traditional education at a campus but is about continuous learning in short bursts, at any time and anywhere. With the rise of AI, machine learning, and other disruptive technologies, the skills required for future jobs are constantly evolving. This makes it essential for individuals to embrace a mindset of constant learning, leveraging various modes like online education to remain relevant and adaptable to new challenges.
Final Answer:
Lifelong learning is essential as technology continues to evolve at a rapid pace. It involves continuous, on-demand education, often in short bursts, to keep up with changes in the job market and society.
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Question: 4
Today, online education has become an integral part of all sectors. Write your views.
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Online education allows for personalized learning experiences and offers flexibility, making it easier for individuals to balance their studies with work and other commitments.
Online education has revolutionized learning, making it accessible to a global audience. With technological advancements, it is now easier to take courses from top universities, get certifications, and even learn new skills at one's own pace. This flexibility is crucial, especially in today's fast-paced world, where individuals need to constantly upskill to stay competitive in the job market.
The COVID-19 pandemic further accelerated the adoption of online education, with schools, colleges, and even workplaces shifting to digital platforms. Online education caters to various sectors such as technology, healthcare, business, and more, providing courses tailored to industry needs. Additionally, it allows people from different walks of life, regardless of their location, to access quality education.
Moreover, online education also plays a vital role in lifelong learning, as it offers opportunities for continuous learning throughout one's career. The convenience and wide range of available courses make it easier for professionals to learn new skills and keep up with the latest developments in their field.
Final Answer:
Online education has become an indispensable tool for both formal and informal learning. It empowers individuals to acquire knowledge, enhance skills, and adapt to the evolving demands of the global job market.
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Question: 5
He shared the example of iPhone.
(Choose the correct 'Passive Voice' from the given options and write it.)
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In passive voice, the object of the active sentence becomes the subject, and the verb tense changes accordingly.
To change an active voice sentence to passive voice, we follow the structure:
\[
\text{Subject (object of active sentence)} + \text{verb (in the correct tense)} + \text{by + agent (subject of active sentence)}
\]
In the given sentence, "He shared the example of iPhone," the subject "He" becomes the agent in passive voice, and "the example of iPhone" becomes the subject of the sentence. The correct passive voice form is:
\[
\boxed{\text{The example of iPhone was shared by him.}}
\]
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Question: 6
The constant change will require constant learning and relearning.
(Choose the correct option replacing the modal auxiliary showing 'Obligation' and write it.)
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"Must" is used to express strong obligation, while "may" and "might" express possibility.
The constant change may require constant learning and relearning.
The constant change shall require constant learning and relearning.
The constant change must require constant learning and relearning.
The constant change might require constant learning and relearning.
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The Correct Option isC
Solution and Explanation
In this sentence, the modal auxiliary verb "will" shows a strong obligation or necessity. The correct replacement for showing obligation is "must," which expresses a strong necessity. The correct sentence is:
\[
\boxed{\text{The constant change must require constant learning and relearning.}}
\]
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Question: 7
Match the following words given in column ‘A’ with their meanings given in column ‘B’ and rewrite it –
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|}
\hline
‘A’ & ‘B’
\hline
Entrepreneur & (b) Person who starts or organises a commercial enterprise.
Capitalisation & (c) Economic system in which country’s trade and industry are controlled by private owners.
(3) Predict & (a) To say that something would happen in the future.
(4) Automation & (e) Use of automatic equipment and machines to do work.
\hline
\end{tabular}
Show Hint
When matching vocabulary, ensure to connect the term with its precise definition. Pay attention to the context of usage for accuracy.
- Entrepreneur matches with (b): Person who starts or organises a commercial enterprise.
- Capitalisation matches with (c): Economic system in which country’s trade and industry are controlled by private owners.
- Predict matches with (a): To say that something would happen in the future.
- Automation matches with (e): Use of automatic equipment and machines to do work.
Final Answer:
Entrepreneur $\to$ (b) Person who starts or organises a commercial enterprise.
Capitalisation $\to$ (c) Economic system in which country’s trade and industry are controlled by private owners.
(3) Predict $\to$ (a) To say that something would happen in the future.
(4) Automation $\to$ (e) Use of automatic equipment and machines to do work.
