Certain legal principles and specific factual situations are provided in each of the following questions. Apply the principles to the given facts and select the most appropriate answer. LEGAL PRINCIPLE: A contract which is impossible to perform becomes void. FACTUAL SITUATION : Surender agreed to deliver specific quality of rice to Sonakshi identified by both of them. Before delivery, the rice was burnt by short circuit. Is Surender discharged from the performance of the contract ? DECISION :

The correct option is (B): Surender is discharged from performance as the subject matter had been specifically identified.

Surender is discharged from performance as the subject matter of the contract is destroyed.

Surender is discharged from performance as the subject matter had been specifically identified.

Surender is not discharged from performance as he can procure rice from other sources.

Certain legal principles and specific factual situations are provided in each of the following questions. Apply the principles to the given facts and select the most appropriate answer. LEGAL PRINCIPLE: A contract which is impossible to perform becomes void. FACTUAL SITUATION : Surender agreed to deliver specific quality of rice to Sonakshi identified by both of them. Before delivery, the rice was burnt by short circuit. Is Surender discharged from the performance of the contract ? DECISION :

Surender is discharged from performance as the subject matter had been specifically identified.

Surender is discharged from performance as the subject matter of the contract is destroyed.

Surender is discharged from performance as the subject matter had been specifically identified.

Surender is not discharged from performance as he can procure rice from other sources.

LEGAL PRINCIPLE: A contract which is impossible to perform becomes void.

Certain legal principles and specific factual situations are provided in each of the following questions. Apply the principles to the given facts and select the most appropriate answer.
LEGAL PRINCIPLE : In relation to the law of contracts, in instances where both parties to an agreement are under a mistake about a matter of fact essential to the agreement, the agreement is void.
FACTUAL SITUATION : Lakshman agrees to sell to Manu a consignment of herbal products which was supposed to be on a ship on its way from Madagascar to Mumbai. However, two days before the agreement was reached, the ship carrying the products met with an accident and all the goods were lost. Lakshman’s agent had informed Lakshman about this on the day the accident happened. Is the agreement void because of a mistake as to a matter of fact ?

AILET LLM - 2022
Legal Studies
Legal Propositions and Reasonings

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Certain legal principles and specific factual situations are provided in each of the following questions. Apply the principles to the given facts and select the most appropriate answer.
LEGAL PRINCIPLE :
1. A deceit occurs when a misrepresentation is made with the express intention of defrauding a party, subsequently causing loss to that party.
2. “Misrepresentation” means and includes— the positive assertion, in a manner not warranted by the information of the person making it, of that which is not true, though he believes it to be true; any breach of duty which, without an intent to deceive, gains an advantage of the person committing it, or any one claiming under him, by misleading another to his prejudice, or to the prejudice of any one claiming under him; causing, however innocently, a party to an agreement, to make a mistake as to the substance of the thing which is the subject of the agreement.
FACTUAL SITUATION : XY Company in its prospectus stated that the company was permitted to make engines that were powered by electricity, rather than by fuel. In reality, the company did not possess such a right as this had to be approved by the Government Board. Gaining the approval for such a claim from the Board was considered a formality in such circumstances and the claim was put forward in the prospectus with this information in mind. However, the claim of the company for this right was later refused by the Board. The individuals who had purchased a stake in the business, upon reliance on the statement, brought a claim for deceit against the defendant’s business. Decide.

AILET LLM - 2022
Legal Studies
Legal Propositions and Reasonings

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Certain legal principles and specific factual situations are provided in each of the following questions. Apply the principles to the given facts and select the most appropriate answer.
LEGAL PRINCIPLE :
1. According to rule of strict liability, any person who for his own purposes brings on his lands and collects and keeps there anything likely to do mischief if it escapes, must keep it in at his peril, and, if he does not do so, is prima facie answerable for all the damage, irrespective of fault, which is the natural consequence of its escape in respect of the non-natural use of land.
2. A person is liable if he can reasonably foresee that his acts would be likely to injure his neighbor.
FACTUAL SITUATION : PN was the owner of a gas pipe which passed under the surface of an old railway between Ramnagar and Kotpur. XY was the local council which was responsible for a water pipe which supplied water to a block of flats in the nearby Shining Apartment Complex. A leak developed which was undetected for some time. The water collected at an embankment which housed PN’s high pressure gas main. The water caused the embankment to collapse and left the gas main exposed and unsupported. This was a serious and immediate risk and PN took action to avoid the potential danger. They then sought to recover the cost of the remedial works. PN argued that the XY Council was liable for negligence under strict liability.

AILET LLM - 2022
Legal Studies
Legal Propositions and Reasonings

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Certain legal principles and specific factual situations are provided in each of the following questions. Apply the principles to the given facts and select the most appropriate answer.
LEGAL PRINCIPLE :
1. Private nuisance is a continuous, unlawful and indirect interference with the use or enjoyment of land, or of some right over or in connection with it.
2. Generally, nuisances cannot be justified on the ground of necessity, pecuniary interest, convenience, or economic advantage to a defendant.
3. A person is liable if he can reasonably foresee that his acts would be likely to injure his neighbor.
4. In cases of nuisance, the court may grant an injunction restricting the nuisance from occurring in the future when the loss could not adequately compensated.
FACTUAL SITUATION : Tina purchased a house in an estate which was adjacent to a functioning, in use, cricket field. The members of Super Eleven Cricket Club used to play Cricket in that field for over 70 years. After Tina moved into the property, cricket balls began to fly over the field’s protective barrier and into the Tina’s property. Tina complained, which caused Super Eleven Cricket Club to erect a chain link fence. This improved matters as less balls were now flying onto the Tina’s property but it did not fully solve the issue as some still got through. The club offered Tina to pay for any damage done or injuries received as a result of the balls landing onto her land, including fixing any broken windows and similar. Tina, however, refused all of the club’s offers and filed a case against the members of the Club alleging nuisance and negligence and requested court to grant an injunction to prevent the club from playing cricket on their ground. Tina argued that even though the club offered to make good any damage and that there had been no injuries, she was not able to use her garden when matches were being played for fear of being struck by a cricket ball. Decide.

AILET LLM - 2022
Legal Studies
Legal Propositions and Reasonings

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Certain legal principles and specific factual situations are provided in each of the following questions. Apply the principles to the given facts and select the most appropriate answer.
LEGAL PRINCIPLE : Generally, the owner of the property has a duty to maintain his property so as to make it reasonably safe for use. However, the occupier also owes a duty to take such care as is reasonable to see that the visitor is reasonably safe in using the premises for the purposes for which he is invited or permitted by the occupier to be therein.
FACTUAL SITUATION : Sheila is a painter. She went to her friend Ruchi’s house for meeting her. Sheila requested to use the bathroom and injured her right hand on a broken water faucet handle. Sheila filed a personal injury action for hand injuries suffered alleging that Ruchi failed to warn her that her bathroom fixtures were cracked and dangerous. Ruchi says she had complained to the landlord about the broken handle so the landlord is liable. Decide whether the Sheila’s injury the proximate cause of Ruchi’s negligence ?

AILET LLM - 2022
Legal Studies
Legal Propositions and Reasonings

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(A) Conditions for a Hindu Marriage	(i) Section 13
(B) Registration of Hindu Marriage	(ii) Section 10
(C) Judicial Separation	(iii) Section 5
(D) Divorce	(iv) Section 8

I. Arbitration of excepted matters	1. A. Ayyasamy v. A. Paramasivam, (2016) 10 SCC 386
II. Conditional Arbitration Clauses	2. In re - Interplay between Arb Agreements and Stamp Act 2023 INSC 1066
III. Separability of Arbitration Agreement - Kompetenz Kompetenz	3. Vulcan Insurance Co Ltd v. Maharaj Singh and Anr (1976) 1 SCC 943
IV. Arbitrability of fraud	4. Mitra Guha Builders (India) Co v. ONGC (2020) 3 SCC 222

I. Uti Possidetis	1. Principle in customary international law providing that where there has been a fundamental change of circumstances since an agreement was concluded, a party to that agreement may withdraw from or terminate it.
II. Pacta Sunt Servanda	2. Two or more states equally exercise sovereignty with respect to a territory and its inhabitants.
III. Condominium	3. Doctrine that territory remains with the possessor state at the end of war or occupation unless otherwise determined by a treaty or an agreement.
IV. Rebus Sic Stantibus	4. Proposition that treaties are binding upon the parties to them and must be performed in good faith.

The Correct Option is B

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