Question

By the mid-1700s, when it began a concerted effort to prevent famine and plague, the French government had fully realized that the success of its state building projects depended on the welfare of its people.

• A. By the mid-1700s, when it began a concerted effort to prevent famine and plague, the French government had fully realized
• B. Until the mid-1700s, when it had begun a concerted effort to prevent famine and plague, the French government had fully realized
• C. By the mid-1700s the French government began a concerted effort to prevent famine and plague, when it fully realized
• D. The French government began a concerted effort to prevent famine and plague by the mid-1700s, fully realizing
• E. When the French government began a concerted effort to prevent famine and plague, it fully realized by the mid-1700s

Hint:

Ensure proper use of tenses to maintain the correct timeline of events, particularly with the past perfect tense when discussing actions that occurred before others.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Step 1: Identifying the correct time sequence.
The action of the French government realizing its needs occurred before the concerted effort to prevent famine and plague, as indicated by the past perfect tense "had fully realized." The sentence structure requires clarity in presenting this sequence.

Step 2: Analysis of options.
- (A) By the mid-1700s, when it began a concerted effort to prevent famine and plague, the French government had fully realized: Correct. This sentence clearly establishes the sequence of actions, with the realization coming before the effort to prevent famine and plague.
- (B) Until the mid-1700s, when it had begun a concerted effort to prevent famine and plague, the French government had fully realized: Incorrect. The use of "Until" is inconsistent with the intended meaning, as it implies the effort started only at that time, which is not accurate.
- (C) By the mid-1700s the French government began a concerted effort to prevent famine and plague, when it fully realized: Incorrect. The placement of "when it fully realized" creates a confusing timeline.
- (D) The French government began a concerted effort to prevent famine and plague by the mid-1700s, fully realizing: Incorrect. The participle "fully realizing" creates an awkward structure.
- (E) When the French government began a concerted effort to prevent famine and plague, it fully realized by the mid-1700s: Incorrect. The clause "it fully realized by the mid-1700s" is poorly constructed.

Step 3: Conclusion.
The correct answer is (A) By the mid-1700s, when it began a concerted effort to prevent famine and plague, the French government had fully realized.

Final Answer: \[ \boxed{(A) \, \text{By the mid-1700s, when it began a concerted effort to prevent famine and plague, the French government had fully realized.}} \]