The painting "Bharat Mata" was created by Abanindranath Tagore in 1905. It depicts a four-armed woman clad in saffron garments holding a book, sheaves of paddy, a piece of white cloth, and a rudraksha mala. The painting became a symbol of India’s freedom struggle and represents the spirit of Swadeshi. Therefore, Abanindranath Tagore is the correct answer.