Question

Based on the way in which the underlined word "informs" is used in the passage, the author is using it to mean _________

• A. influences
• B. tells
• C. requires
• D. solves
• E. ignores

Hint:

When you encounter a common word used in an unfamiliar way, especially in academic or older texts, it's likely being used with a more formal or archaic definition. Think about the relationship between the ideas in the sentence. Does one thing cause, shape, contradict, or explain the other? This will help you choose the best synonym.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Step 1: Understanding the Question
This is a vocabulary-in-context question. We need to determine the meaning of the word "informs" as it is used in the specific sentence from the passage.

Step 2: Analyzing the Sentence
The sentence is: "...the problem of dream formation \(\underline{informs}\) more comprehensive problems of psychopathology which cannot be discussed here."
Let's break down the relationship described. There is a specific problem ("dream formation") and a broader set of problems ("psychopathology"). The sentence says the specific problem "informs" the broader ones. This suggests that understanding dream formation gives shape, character, or insight into the larger field of psychopathology. It has a foundational or influential relationship with it.

Step 3: Evaluating the Options
(A) influences: This is a strong synonym. The study of dream formation influences the understanding of more comprehensive problems. It shapes how they are viewed.
(B) tells: This is too simple and direct. "Informs" here has a deeper meaning of shaping or structuring, not just conveying facts.
(C) requires: This changes the meaning. The larger problems don't require the smaller one in this context.
(D) solves: This is incorrect. The passage states the larger issues "cannot be discussed here," implying they are far from solved.
(E) ignores: This is the opposite of the intended meaning.
Step 4: Final Answer
In this academic context, "to inform" means to give character or essence to something, or to be a formative principle of it. The best synonym among the choices is "influences," as the understanding of dreams shapes and has a significant bearing on the understanding of broader psychopathology.