Based on the given passage, answer the questions 1-5:
Three major verdicts given by the Supreme Court during the 1980s and the 1990s goaded the state to assume greater responsibility in the matter of providing access to education. These verdicts (Bandhua Mukti Morcha vs the Union of India, 1981; Mohini Jain vs Karnataka State, 1992; Unnikrishan vs Andhra Pradesh, 1993) seemed to offer eminent examples of the hermeneutic space available in the Constitution, revealing how important it was to read the Constitution imaginatively in order to crystalize the ideas that may not have been fully articulated. The Crowning exercise of this kind figured in the Mohini jata case in which the court extended the scope of article 21 by reading into the fundamental right to like a vision of life which includes the nursing force of education. This hermeneutic exercise was widely hailed as a major advanced in the evolution of Democratic polity . It was expected that the court's interpretation of article 21 would Trigger significant civil activism on behalf of The educationally deprived. This expectation was not full filled as such, but after several your spend drafting late to the enactment of an amendment in the constitution which rendered elementary education an explicitly stated fundamental right.
The new right granted to children leaves the state free to impart education by any means that it mean by law determined to be suitable for this purpose. During the recent years we have witness the official acceptance of several other alternative modes. Neither the court nor the Parliament have succeeded in making a Dent on the systemic tendency to first device a cheaper alternative for the poor and then to promise Populous measures to improve it. In the absence of the systematic reform onc cannot hope for clearer perception of stronger will to counter the ideology which permits childhood to be defined differently for the labouring poor. The State's responsibility towards these precious, formative years of life has been suitably accommodated in the amended version of the same article 45 which Had served little use to achieve the purpose stated in it and which, therefore required the enhancement of article 21.