Soil thermometers in meteorological observatories are installed {vertically (90 degrees to the ground) to measure soil temperature at standardized depths (e.g., 5 cm, 10 cm, 20 cm, 50 cm). Vertical installation ensures precise and consistent readings across different soil layers, which are critical for agricultural, meteorological, and environmental studies. Angles like 30, 45, or 60 degrees would lead to inaccurate or non-standardized measurements, as they would not align with the depth-specific protocols. Thus, option (4) is correct.