To determine which amendment modified Article 38 of Part IV of the Constitution of India, we should understand the specific amendments and their roles:
It is the Forty-Fourth Amendment that amended Article 38. This amendment highlighted the role of the state in ensuring social justice to further the Directive Principles, particularly focusing on reducing inequalities. Therefore, the answer is:
The Constitution (Forty-Fourth Amendment) Act, 1978
Offenses | Sections |
(A) Voyeurism | (1) Section 77 |
(B) Word, gesture or act intended to insult the modesty of a woman | (2) Section 79 |
(C) Stalking | (3) Section 75 |
(D) Sexual Harassment | (4) Section 78 |
(A) Conditions for a Hindu Marriage | (i) Section 13 |
(B) Registration of Hindu Marriage | (ii) Section 10 |
(C) Judicial Separation | (iii) Section 5 |
(D) Divorce | (iv) Section 8 |