Question

Article 38 of Part IV of the Constitution of India was amended vide

• A. The Constitution (First Amendment) Act, 1951
• B. The Constitution (Forty-Fourth Amendment) Act, 1978
• C. The Constitution (Forty-Second Amendment) Act, 1976
• D. The Constitution (Eighty-Sixth Amendment) Act, 2002

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

To determine which amendment modified Article 38 of Part IV of the Constitution of India, we should understand the specific amendments and their roles:

• The Constitution (First Amendment) Act, 1951: Primarily addressed issues related to land reform and curbed certain fundamental rights to ensure protective discrimination.
• The Constitution (Forty-Second Amendment) Act, 1976: Known for broad changes, including the addition of Fundamental Duties and changes to the Preamble, but it did not amend Article 38 specifically.
• The Constitution (Forty-Fourth Amendment) Act, 1978: This amendment sought to restore balance by revising many provisions introduced by the 42nd Amendment and emphasized Directive Principles, including modifications to Article 38.
• The Constitution (Eighty-Sixth Amendment) Act, 2002: Focused mainly on make elementary education a fundamental right.

It is the Forty-Fourth Amendment that amended Article 38. This amendment highlighted the role of the state in ensuring social justice to further the Directive Principles, particularly focusing on reducing inequalities. Therefore, the answer is:

The Constitution (Forty-Fourth Amendment) Act, 1978