Answer the following :
(a) You can shield a charge from electrical forces by putting it inside a hollow conductor. Can you shield a body from the gravitational influence of nearby matter by putting it inside a hollow sphere or by some other means ?
(b) An astronaut inside a small space ship orbiting around the earth cannot detect gravity. If the space station orbiting around the earth has a large size, can he hope to detect gravity ?
(c) If you compare the gravitational force on the earth due to the sun to that due to the moon, you would find that the Sun’s pull is greater than the moon’s pull. (you can check this yourself using the data available in the succeeding exercises). However, the tidal effect of the moon’s pull is greater than the tidal effect of sun. Why ?
(a) You can shield a charge from electrical forces by putting it inside a hollow conductor. Can you shield a body from the gravitational influence of nearby matter by putting it inside a hollow sphere or by some other means ?
(b) An astronaut inside a small space ship orbiting around the earth cannot detect gravity. If the space station orbiting around the earth has a large size, can he hope to detect gravity ?
(c) If you compare the gravitational force on the earth due to the sun to that due to the moon, you would find that the Sun’s pull is greater than the moon’s pull. (you can check this yourself using the data available in the succeeding exercises). However, the tidal effect of the moon’s pull is greater than the tidal effect of sun. Why ?
Solution and Explanation
(a) No, gravitational force is a long range force and we cannot escape from it.
(b) Yes, Astronauts are unable to sense gravity because of the small spacecraft's weak gravitational pull from Earth. It is possible for him to detect the gravity if the space station is very huge, as this will also cause its magnitude to become noticeable.
(c) Gravitational influence of matter on nearby objects cannot be screened by any means. This is because gravitational force unlike electrical forces is independent of the nature of the material medium. Also, it If the size of the space station is large enough, then the astronaut will detect the change in Earth’s gravity (g). Tidal effect depends inversely upon the cube of the distance while, gravitational force depends inversely on the square of the distance. Since the distance between the Moon and the Earth is smaller than the distance between the Sun and the Earth, the tidal effect of the Moon’s pull is greater than the tidal effect of the Sun’s pull.
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Match the LIST-I with LIST-II
\[ \begin{array}{|l|l|} \hline \text{LIST-I} & \text{LIST-II} \\ \hline \text{A. Gravitational constant} & \text{I. } [LT^{-2}] \\ \hline \text{B. Gravitational potential energy} & \text{II. } [L^2T^{-2}] \\ \hline \text{C. Gravitational potential} & \text{III. } [ML^2T^{-2}] \\ \hline \text{D. Acceleration due to gravity} & \text{IV. } [M^{-1}L^3T^{-2}] \\ \hline \end{array} \]
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
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Concepts Used:
Newtons Law of Gravitation
Gravitational Force
Gravitational force is a central force that depends only on the position of the test mass from the source mass and always acts along the line joining the centers of the two masses.
Newton’s Law of Gravitation:
According to Newton’s law of gravitation, “Every particle in the universe attracts every other particle with a force whose magnitude is,
- Directly proportional to the product of their masses i.e. F ∝ (M1M2) . . . . (1)
- Inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their center i.e. (F ∝ 1/r2) . . . . (2)
By combining equations (1) and (2) we get,
F ∝ M1M2/r2
F = G × [M1M2]/r2 . . . . (7)
Or, f(r) = GM1M2/r2 [f(r)is a variable, Non-contact, and conservative force]