Step 1: A D.C. ammeter is designed to measure the constant current that flows in a single direction. It operates by detecting the average value of the current.
Step 2: Alternating current (A.C.) varies periodically with time. In one complete cycle of A.C., the current first flows in one direction and then reverses direction. This results in the average value of the A.C. current being zero over one complete cycle.
Step 3: Since the D.C. ammeter measures the average value of the current, it would show zero for A.C. because the positive and negative half-cycles cancel each other out.
Define the current gain \( \alpha_{DC} \) and \( \beta_{DC} \) for a transistor. Obtain the relation between them.
Equipotential surfaces are shown in the figure. The electric field strength will be: