Question:

Acrosomal reaction of the sperm occurs due to

Updated On: Sep 15, 2022

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Acrosomal reaction of the sperm are as follows:

As sperm approaches the zona pellucida of the ovum, acrosome reaction gets initiated.
One of the three glycoproteins (ZP3), works as a sperm receptor. It binds to a complementary molecule on surface of the sperm head.
The binding of sperm head to the receptor molecule ZP3 induces acrosome of the sperm. This releases its hydrolytic enzymes (sperm lysins).
Sperm lysins include Hyaluronidase that hydrolyses hyaluronic acid of the follicular cells; Corona penetrating enzyme dissolves corona radiata portion around secondary oocyte through hydrolyzing ground substances; and Zona lysine or acrosin that helps in digesting zona pellucida.
These enzymes dissolve corona radiata and zona pellucida to help the sperm reach plasma membrane of the egg.
These changes taking place in fertilization are called the acrosomal reaction.

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Reproduction in human beings involves the fusion of male and female gametes that produces in their reproductive system.

The male reproductive system comprises:

Testicles (testes): A pair of oval-shaped organs masked in a pouch known as the scrotum. They manage the production of sperms and the male hormone testosterone.
Scrotum: It is a sac-like organ that hangs under the penis and behind it. It is the house of the testes, or testicles, and maintains a temperature that is needed for the production of sperm by it.
Vas deferens: The sperms produced in testes are stored in a tube known as the epididymis. Here the sperms get matured and pass to the urethra via the muscular tube known as vas deferens.
Accessory glands: This includes three glands, namely the prostate gland, seminal vesicles, and Cowper’s gland. The secretions from the mentioned three glands mix to form a fluid known as semen. Semen nourishes the sperm, raises the volume, and helps in lubrication.
Penis: The penis is a cylindrical tube that serves as both an excretory organ, and a reproductive organ. It transfers sperms into the vagina during sexual intercourse.

The female reproductive system is active before, during, and after fertilization as well. It comprises the following parts:

A pair of ovaries: A pair of ovaries produce and stores ovum in them. They also produce a female hormone known to be estrogen.
Fallopian tubes (Oviducts): They are the area of fertilization. They connect both the ovaries with the uterus.
Uterus: Uterus is the place of development for the embryo.
Vagina: The part that connects the cervix to the external female body parts is called a vagina. It is the passage for the penis during coitus as well as a fetus during transfer.