Question

According to whom, city is a living organism

• A. Patrick Geddes
• B. Le Corbusier
• C. Charles Correa
• D. Lewis Mumford

Hint:

The "city as a living organism" is a metaphor used in urban theory.
\textbf{Patrick Geddes} and \textbf{Lewis Mumford} are strongly associated with organicist theories of urbanism, emphasizing holistic, evolutionary, and environmentally integrated development.
\textbf{Le Corbusier}, a key figure in Modernism, also used biological analogies for the city, describing its functional components like organs of a body (e.g., "The Radiant City"). While often seen as mechanistic, he did employ this metaphor.
The choice depends on which theorist's specific use of the phrase or concept is being referenced by the question setters.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

To determine which architect referred to a city as a living organism, we need to analyze their perspectives on urban planning and architecture:

• Patrick Geddes: Known for his pioneering work in town planning and the development of the "conurbation" concept. However, he did not specifically describe a city as a living organism.
• Le Corbusier: A prominent figure in modern architecture, Le Corbusier often described the city as a complex system, similar to a living organism, where buildings and infrastructure function as interrelated elements.
• Charles Correa: Recognized for his modern approach to Indian architecture, but he did not describe cities as living organisms in the same way Le Corbusier did.
• Lewis Mumford: An influential urban planner and critic, known for his work on urban civilization but not specifically for describing cities as living organisms.

The correct answer is: Le Corbusier